Skip to main content

Full text of "The Gladwin manuscripts; with an introduction and a sketch of the conspiracy of Pontiac"

See other formats 


LIBRARY  OF  CONGRESS 


0000^55155 


THE 

GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS 


WITH  AN  INTRODUCTION  AND  A 
SKETCH  OP  THE  CONSPIRACY  OF 
PONTIAC,     BY    CHARLES     MOORE 


LANSING,    MICH. 
ROBERT    SMITH    PRINTING 

1897 


THE 

GLADWIN     MANUSCRIPTS 


WITH  AN  INTRODUCTION  AND  A 
SKETCH  OF  THE  CONSPIRACY  OF 
PONTIAC,     BY     CHARLES     MOORE 


1898 


LANSING,    MM   ii 
ROBERT    SMITH    PRINTING     CO 


THE     GLADWIN      MANUSCRIPTS. 


TOGETHER  WITH  AN    INTRODUCTION    AND  AN    HISTORK 
1  iF    I'll  K  i  I  iXSPIRAt   ->    OKP  »NT1AC. 


|  Reprinti 


l\Ti;<  IDUl  TK  IN. 

Pontine  Las  a  well  defined  place  in  the  history  of  this  country.  The 
temporary  success  of  his  greal  conspiracy  against  the  English  and  his 
tragic  death  by  the  hand  of  an  assassin;  and  especially  the  fad  thai  he 
embodied  in  his  own  person  the  most  formidable  protest  against  the 
encroachments  of  the  whites  on  the  hunting  grounds  of  the  red  men,  have 
combined  to  make  him  the  heroic  figure  in  northwestern  history  during 
the  years  between  the  surrender  of  Canada  to  the  English  and  the  War 
of  the  Revolution.  .Moreover,  the  genius  of  Parkman  has  made  it  cer- 
tain that  the  name  of  Pontiac  will  never  cease  to  be  remembered  among 
English  speaking  people  on  this  continent. 

What  changes  might  have  taken  place  in  the  development  of  the  north- 
west had  Pontiac's  conspiracy  been  successful,  can  only  be  surmised. 
That  he  was  foiled  in  his  great  purpose  and  after  many  minor  successes 
was  compelled  in  the  end  to  acknowledge  defeat  was  due  to  the  unex- 
ampled intrepidity,  carefulness  aud  soldierly  training  of  one  man.  The 
sagacity  of  Henry  Gladwin  and  his  success  in  withstanding  the  long 
siege  of  Detroit,  mark  him  as  one  of  the  very  few  great  Indian  fighters 
in  our  history.  And  yet  when  one  inquires  as  to  Gladwin's  history 
before  or  after  the  siege  of  Detroit,  one  tinds  even  on  the  pages  of  Park 
man  nothing  but  a  misspelled  name. 

Four  years  ago,  the  writer  began  the  task  of  getting  together  what 
facts  were  known  as  to  Gladwin's  career.  On  appealing  to  Mr.  Park- 
man  in  person,  the  result  was  a  charming  morning  among  the  roses  at  his 
home  on  the  banks  of  Jamaica  Pond;  but  no  information.     Nor  did  a  pro- 


LADWIN    MAMS<  RIPTS. 


'arkman  manuscripts   in  the    Massachusetts 

add  much  to  the  meagre  stock  ol  knowledge 

,        Haldimand  and  Bouquel  collections  ol   letters 

they  appear  in  pari  in  the  published  volumes 

s     iety  and  as  thej  exist  entire 

U  lawa;bul  here  again  the  results  were  simply 

hrough  the  tiles  of  the  Gentleman'sMagazine  from 

, .    .,.       -  coming  to  America     to  the  end  of  the  cen 

death  (1791),  and,  what  was  more  important, 

reral  of  his  daughters.     II  so  happens 

which    Mary,   Gladwin's  third  daughter,  married, 

■      mtj  Families,  and  after  repeated  importuni- 

ed  fr ili"  present  representative  of  that  family, 

llollinghourne,  near  Maidstone,  who  referred  the 
liladwyu  Jebh,  of  Firbeck  Hall,  Rotherham,  Fork- 
decided  interest  in  the  matter,  and  who  kindly  sent  the 
-  -''i  below. 
3l ,  adants  of  Gen.  Gladwin  the  following 
il  to  his  life  were  brought  to  light : 


HENRY   GLADWIN. 

dwin  family  traces  its  descent   from  Thomas  Gladwin,  who 

■  i:m\    Derby,  and  who  was  born  about  1005.     He 

•  Gladwin,  Esq.,  justice  of  the  peace,  of  Tupton 

d  in  LG30,  and  was  high  sheriff  of  Derby  county  in 

rms.     His  eldesl  son  was  Lemuel,  from 

i..ii,i,  ,it'  Tupton  Hall.     Another  son.  John,  had  a 

..  who  married  the  Righl  Honorable,  the  Mar!  of  New- 

';. t  daughter,  Jane,  who  married  (Jen.  William   Wyn 

two  daughters,  Mary  and  Dorothy.    The  second 

Henry  Gladwin,  with  whom  we  have  to  do.1 

Ui  tin  Gladwin  was  born  in  1730.     The  lirst  record  of  him  is  found  in 

its  for  17.V..  in  which  he  appears  as  a  lieutenant  of 

il  from  2d  lieutenant,  Irish   half-pay).      From  the 

ill  I7ijii  we  ham  that  Gladwin  was  a  subaltern  in 

■  ui  at  the  time  of  the  Braddock  defeal  at  Little 

nd  thai  In-  was  among  those  who  showed  bravery  on  that  oc- 

that  he  was  among  the  eight  wounded  sub- 

Iwin  Oladwyn,  of  Hiachleywood, 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS.  607 

alterns  of  his  regiment,  five  of  his  fellow  lieutenants  having  been  killed. 
His  name  is  spelled  "Glandwin"  in  the  report,  bul  is  correctly  spelled  in 
Genera]  Braddock's orderly  book  No.  2,  as  reprinted  in  Lowdermilk's  His 
ton-  of  Cumberland.  It  was  during  this  campaign  thai  Gladwin  came 
under  the  notice  of  Lieutenanl  Colonel  Gage,  with  whom  he  sustained 
most  friendly  relations  in  after  years.2  Ii  would  be  very  interesting  to 
know  if  at  this  time  a  personal  acquaintance  was  formed  between  Lieu 
tenant  Gladwin  and  George  Washington,  bul  continued  search  through 
every  book  and  documenl  likely  to  shed  lighl  on  this  matter  fails  to  give 
even  the  slightest  information  on  the  subject. 

In  a  letter  from  Sir  Jeffrey  Amherst  to  Lord  Barrington,  Secretary  at 
War.  dated  Crown  Point.  August  10,  1759,  we  find  this  mention  of 
( iladw  in: 

"I  now  enclose  to  your  Lordship  as  likewise  a  copy  of  a  Com 

"mission  to  serve  as  Major  during  the  <  Campaign  that  I  though!  necessary 
"for  the  good  of  His  Majesty's  Service  to  granl  to  Captain  Gladwin  as 
"Eldest  Captain  of  Gage's,  as  Major  to  that  Regiment.  *  *  1  hope  my 
"having  appointed  Majors  to  the  Corps  during  the  Campaign  will  meet 
"with  His  Majesty's  gracious  approbation." 

On  May  28,  1760,  Gen.  Amhersl  ordered  Gladwin  from  New  York  by 
way  of  Fort  Pitt,  to  relieve  Niagara.  On  his  way  he  was  to  leave  150 
men  at  Presq'  Isle  where  he  was  to  throw  up  an  intrenchment.4  On  his 
way  across  Lake  Erie,  Gladwin  made  a  char!  of  the  const. 

On  September  9,  Vaudreuil  announced  to  the  Beaujou  al  Michilimack- 
inac,  the  capitulation  of  Montreal;  and  on  October  18,  Monckton  wrote 
to  Bouquet  that  Amherst  had  ordered  Major  Robert  Rogers  to  Michili 
mackinac  to  take  possession  of  the  upper  posts.  With  Rogers  went 
Captain  Campbell  with  a  detachment  to  garrison  Detroit.  On  the  same 
day  Amherst  wrote  from  Crown  Point  to  the  Duke  of  Rich] d:° 

"I  really  am  sorry  that  Your  Grace's  Protection  to  Captain  Gladwin 
"with  the  mention  you  were  pleased  to  make  of  his  promotion,  has  not 
"been  attended  with  better  success.  I  would  renew  my  application  to 
"Lord  Barrington,  but  I  can  expeci  no  good  effecl  from  it.  since  your 
"Grace's  mentioning  Captain  Gladwin  has  ma  taken  place;  this  is  the 
-second  Campaign  I  have  given  him  a  Commission  to  serve  as  Major,  and 
"if  I  may  lie  allowed  to  forgel  for  a  momenl  that  he  is  recommended  by 
"Your  Grace,  it  is  a  justice  I  owe  to  his  Services,  to  say,  the  manner  in 
"which  he  has  at  all  times  commanded  Gage's  (the  80th  Foot  I  Corps  does 

-'  See  letter,  Gladwin  to  (face,  in  Gladwin  MSs 

Slam  under  deep  obligations  to  Col.  William   Ludlow,  Military    \".-l"     ' 
States,  London,  England" who,  at   the  request  of  Senator  Jai 

every  mention  of  Gen.  Gladwin  on  file  in  the  British  War  Office.     1  In    re.o.e-t  ma.lele 
compliedwith  through  th»  court.-*   .if  the  M.irquisof  Land.s.low.....  see,  et.-n-.v  ..I  state  fc 
Ralph  Thompson  and lir  Arthur  Haliburton.    Copies  of  entire  co 

<  Monckton  to  Bou.juet.  July  6,  1760     B  tuquel 

'  l!riti-h  War  Office  MSS. 


I.WIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

.11  have  been  bo  g I  to  speak  for  him,  I  hope 

Regiment,  for  ]  do  no1  know  any 

'"'-   "'    'K  ,   ,,■ 

Michigan  Pioneer  and  Histon  al 

.  ption  of   Major   Rogers  at 

A  ,     Detroil  life.    On  July  30, 1761, 

,,.,,,„.,  thai  Sir  William  Johnson  and  Major 
o  D(  troit,  wiili  300  lighl  infantry; 

h  had  leached  Presq'  tsle.  Gen.  Amhersi 
0\   War,  in  a  letter  dated  Albany, 

letachmenl  of  three  hundred  men  to  the  Upper  Lakes 

■     ,,..  Gladwin  of  Gage's,  and  T  have  judged  it 

-     dee  to  appoinl  Captain  Gladwin  to  ad 

lition,  for  which  I  have  given  him  a  Commis- 

i    Hi-  Majesty  will  approve  of." 

on  above  referred  to,  dated  22nd  June,  17(11. 

\mherst,  Esqre.,  Major  General  and  Com- 
II  -  Majesty's  Forces  in  North  America,  &c,  &c., 

ptain  in  His  Majesty's  80th  Regiment 

■  thought  it  requisite  for  the  better  carrying  on  of  His 

should  be  appointed  to  His  Majesty's 

!    '-'hi  A  mud  Foot,  1  do  by  virtue  of  I  ho  Power  and 

■  i  granted  l>.\   His  Majesty,  hereby  constitute 

pjioinl  v.. a  io  bi'  Major  to  the  said  Regiment,  during  this  Campaign 

i   which  n>";  •"'''  '"  return  to  the  rank  of  Captain  unless  pro- 

t  hcrwise;  you  arc  therefore,  &i  ..  &( 

ngust     17)    to    Bouquel    the   arrival    at 

illiam  Johnson  and  Major  Gladwin,  and  enlarges  on  the 

lii\  that  marked  the  visit.     Sir  William  was  convinced 

against  the  English  was  universal,  a  fact  that 

ippears  from  the  correspondence  thai  a  Mr. 

drawing  seven  feet  of  water  and 

ommanded  1>\    I.  ■  Robertson :  and  a 

rhes  played  such  an  im- 

d«  in  had  no  pai  i.     An  attach  of 
ivas  nol  until  i  Ictober 
iiftirieiitlv  to  return.' 


■ 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  609 

After  leaving  Detroit.  Gladwin  sailed  for  England,  and  on  .March  30, 
1762,  he  married  Frances,  the  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Beridge.  The 
photograph  taken  from  Mrs.  Gladwin's  portrail  shews  thai  in  middle  life 
she  was  a  handsome  woman.  Indeed  at  first  glance  the  portrail  would 
be  taken  for  a  picture  of  Martha  Washington.  That  at  the  age  of  18  she 
must  have  been  a  beautiful  bride  is  quite  evident:  and  one  ran  readily 
believe  that  it  was  with  no  little  reluctance  on  both  sides  thai  soon  after 
the  marriage  the  bridegroom  again  set  his  face  towards  the  American 
wilderness.  Perhaps  it  was  by  way  of  a  wedding  presenl  that  Gladwin 
was  offered  a  majority  in  Bouquet's  regimenl  of  Royal  Americans;  but  he 
declined  the  proffer,  because  he  preferred  to  take  bis  chances  in  the 
regular  British  army.     The  correspondence  on  the  subjecl  is  to  be  found 

m    "    letter    from  Amherst8  dated  -T 15,  1762,  stating  that   he  had 

granted  a  commission  to  Major  Gladwin  of  Wilmott's  (80th  Fool  I  in  suc- 
ceed Major  Walters  in  the  Royal  American  Regiment;  but  in  a  subse- 
quent letter  (July  2o.  1762)  the  General  states  that  Major  Gladwin 
to  remain  in  the  80th  Regiment.  Gladwin  explains  his  decision  in  a 
letter  to  Bouquet,  dated  July  29.  On  August  1.  we  get  trace  of  Gladwin 
at  Niagara;  and  on  the  23d  he  arrived  at  Detroil  as  commandant.9 

In  Bouquet's  correspondence  with  Gen.  Amherst  during  1763  there  are 
occasional  references  to  Gladwin:  but  the  latter  seems  to  have  been  little 
given  to  the  use  of  his  pen.  From  these  scattered  references  one  learns 
that  Amherst  had  unbounded  confidence  in  the  young  major;  and  that 
while  steps  were  taken  to  give  him  relief,  yet  the  gravity  of  his  situation 
during  the  long  seige  seems  not  to  have  been  appreciated  at  headquarters. 
The  letter  from  Gladwin  to  Amherst,  given  in  the  Gladwin  MSS..  dated 
November  1.  17<;.*:.  states  the  conclusion  of  the  whole  Pontiac  matter.  The 
promotions  given  to  Gladwin  later  show  that  his  services  were  appreci- 
ated by  Amherst,  who  bad  the  reputation  for  preferring  officers  id'  ability 
to  officers  who  had  family  connections;  and  finally  the  home  authorities 
were  brought  to  grant  recognition  corresponding  with  Gladwin's  deserts. 
While  the'  seige  of  Pontiac  was  in  progress,  Sir  Jeffrey  Amherst  on 
turning  over  bis  command  to  General  Gage,  mi  November  17.  17<;."..  said  in 
bis  instructions:  "It  was  my  intention  that  tin-  42d  Regimenl  should 
have  garrisoned  the  Detroit  and  Posts  above,  l"ii  as  it  lias  been  found 
impracticable  for  that  Regimenl  to  advance  from  Presq'  isle  this  season, 
1  have  empowered  Major  Gladwin  to  keep  up  the  80th  Regiment  on  such 
an  event.'' 

It  is  not  the  intention  here  to  tell  the  well-known  story  of  Pontiac's 
seige  of  Detroit;  but  merely  to  give  Ike  hitherto  unknown  facts  as  to 
Gladwin's  life.  In  a  volume  of  Parkman's  MSS.,  marked  "Pontiac  Mis 
cellanies.  17ti4."  is  a  letter  from  Gage  t<>  Bradstreet,  dated  at  New  York, 

8British  War  Office  MSS. 
9  Bouquet  Papers. 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRE 

1764,  in  which  Gen.  Gage  states  thai  Gladwin  had  delivered 
-  and  29;  and  on  <  >ctober  L2th  Gage  (who 
i  .1  Anthers!  i  wrote  to  the  Secretary  of  War:1" 
Had  win  having  come  here  from  Detroit,  and  his  private  affairs 
quiring  his  presence  in  England,  I  have  given  him  leave  to  go 
Kvgimeut  to  which  he  belongs  is  reduced.11 
his  Gentleman  had  performed  will  alone  be  sufficienl  to 
our  Protection.     1  won  hi  only  presume  to  hope  that 
"his  in.  i-i t  will  procure  him  the  same  rank  that  every  other  Officer  has 
"hitherto  obtained  who  lias  served  in  the  Station  of  Deputy  Adjutant 
ial." 

■  Gladwin  -  dated  Stubbing,  England,  Febru- 

I,  1771.  printed  in  the  Gladwin  MSS.,  we  find  that  he  had  settled 

down  in  the  life  "f  a  country  gentleman,  after  having  been  presented  at 

Court.     He  never  saw  further  military  service,  and  died  on  June  22, 

17*M. 

The  obil  nan  notice  ia  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  July,  L791,  is  as 
folio 

"After  a  long  illness  at  his  seat  al  Stubbing,  near  Chesterfield,  county 

"Derby,  Major-general  Gladwin,  an  officer  of  great  merit.    He  had  served 

■•a  long  time  in  America,  where  he  was  wounded  at  the  action  with  the 

li  and  Indians  .-it  the  hark  settlements  on  the  hanks  of  the  river 

in  July,  1755,  when  Gen.  Braddock,  the  English  commander,  un- 

"happily  lost  his  life." 

Gladwin  was  buried  in  the  Wingerworth  Church,  and  the  inscription 
o  i  his  monument  is  as  follows: 

"Here  lieth  the  remains  of  General  H.  Gladwin.     He  departed  this  life 

••on  the  22nd  day  of  June,  I7'.U.  in  the  62d  year  of  his  age.     He  was  dis- 

lished  by  all  those  private  and  social  duties  which  constitute  to  the 

"man  and  the  <  'hristian.     Early  trained  to  arms  and  martial  deeds  he 

ill  for  fame  amidst  the  toils  of  hostile  war,  with  that  ardour  which 

avesoldier.     On  the  plains  of  North  America 

eapeil  (lie  laurels  al   the  battles  of  Niagara  and  Ticonderoga,  in 

•■which  he  u;is  wouinhd.     II  was  conspicuous  and  his  niemor- 

"abh  Detroit   against   the  attack  of  the   Indians  will 

o rded  in  the  annals  of  a  grateful  country. 

"Also  Mary  and  Henry,  sen  and  daughter  of  the  aforesaid  General  II. 

"Gladwin  and  his  wife,  who   died  in    infancy;    Martha  Gladwin,  their 

LS17,  aged  32. 

sister  of  the  late  John  Beridge,  of  Derby,  M.  D.,  and 

n   of  the  above  General  Gladwin,  died  October  16,   LS17,  aged  7t 


ber.  1761. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  611 

It  is  probable  that  the  monument  to  Gladwin  was  erected  a  consider- 
able time  after  his  death,  for  the  date  given  thereon,  1794,  is  three  vears 
later  than  his  death  actually  occurred,  as  is  proved  h\  the  record  in  the 
i  rentleman's  Magazine  quoted  above. 

Gladwin's  rid. -si  son,  Charles  Dakeyne  of  Belmonl  and  Stubbing  was 
born  in  1775  and  died  in  L844,  leaving  one  daughter.  Gladwin's  daugh- 
ter, Frances,  married  June  9,  1841,  Francis  Goodwin,  Esquire,  of  Maple- 
ton.  He  bequeathed  all  his  estates  in  ids  nephew,  the  Rev.  Henry  John- 
son Goodwin,  of  Hinchleywood,  county  Derby,  from  whom  they  des 
cended  i«i  Captain  Richard  Henry  Goodwin,  hue  captain  id'  the  6th  Foot, 
who  assumed  the  additional  name  and  arms  of  Gladwin  a  year  after  he 
came  into  the  property. 

I  laptain  Gladwin,  under  the  date  of  January  ;.',  1894,  writes  me  that  he 
has  no  record  of  Gen.  Gladwin's  early  life,  and  thai  unfortunately  when 
he  came  into  the  estate  all  papers  and  records  had  hern  destroyed.  He, 
however,  sent  photographs  of  General  and  Mrs.  Gladwin,  and  a  copy 
of  the  monument  inscription  as  given  above. 

Gen.  Gladwin's  second  daughter,  Dorothy,  married,  January  I.  IT!*.'. 
Joshua  Jebb,  Esquire,  whose  descendant,  the  Rev.  Henry  Gladwyn  Jebb, 
under  tin-  date  of  1  >ecember  27,  1893,  writes  me: 

'•I  had  hoped  to  send  you  some  information  by  this  day's  mail  on  the 
"subject  of  my  great  grand-father,  General  Gladwin.  The  Derbyshire 
"house  and  home  of  the  Gladwins  is  Tupton  Hall,  in  North  Wingfield 
"Parish,  near  Chesterfield,  which  was  built  in  1611,  and  has  been  altered 
"scarcely  at  all  since  an  addition  built  about  1670.  The  line  of  Gladwin 
"merged  into  an  heiress  nearly  two  hundred  years  ago,  and  her  descend- 
ants, a  family  named  Lord,  lived  there  until  recently,  when  th-  last  of 
"Iter  line  died  and  left  the  estate  to  strangers.  I  had  then,  however,  the 
"opportunity  of  buying  all  the  family  pictures,  one  a  group  of  ten,  Thomas 

"Gladwin  and  his  wife,  down  to  a  baby.     I  g ne  hit  of  Gladwin  plate, 

"dated  like  the  picture  1672,  a  good  deal  of  old  furniture  and  some  old 
"books. 

The  MSS.  given  below  were  among  the  papers  obtained  by  Mr.  Jebb, 
who  sent  them  to  me  on  March  12.  1894,  saying: 

"At  last  I  have  come  upon  letters  relating  io  -Major  Gladwin,  which  I 
"hope  may  prove  interesting  to  you.  I  have  not  time  just  now  to  copy 
"them  or  even  to  read  them  through." 

Mary,  the  third  daughter  of  Gen.  Gladwin,  married  November  29,  1800, 
Baldwin  Duppa,  Duppa  Esquire,  of  Hollingburn,  near  Maidstone,  Kent, 
the  present   representative  of  which  family  is  L'.  do  Uphaugh,  Esq.,  of 

Hollingburn,  who  in  my  case  proved  the  key  to  il tier  descendants  of 

Gladwin,  since  it  was  through  his  kind  offices  that  I  was  put  in  communi- 
cation with  them. 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 


UENin    GLADWIN    AND  THE   SIEGE   OF    PONTIAC.1 

of  Canada  by  the  English  broughl  about  several  read- 
within  the  territory  now  included  in  the  State  of  Michigan, 
ml}  settlements  were  at  Detroit,  at  Mackinac  (Michilimackinac),  at 
Sawh   -  and  St.  Joseph;  and  of  these  only  the  ones  a1   Detroil 

and  Mackinac  were  of  importance.     The  scat  of  government  was  trans- 
o  Ww  York,  whence  General  Jeffery  Amherst  exer- 
miltarj   control  over  the  posts.     Under  him  Colonel  Bouquet  at 
Pittsburg)  ranked  the  commandanl  at  Detroit;  but  the  latter 
held  ntrol  over  the  upper  lake  posts  and  reported  directly 

Vmheret.     Indian  affairs  were  in  charge  of  Sir  William  John- 
Bon,  whose  headquarters,  at  Johnson  Hall  in  the  presenl  State  of  New 
.  swarmed  with  Indian  retainers  and  dependents,  as  well  as  with  his 
own  balf-breed  children.      Under  Sir  William  was  his  deputy.  George 
hi.  w  ho  was  constantly  engaged  in  going  from  tribe  to  tribe  in  his 
efforts  to  keep  the  peai 

Along  the   Atlantic   coast    an    American    population  of  English  and 
Dutch  descent   peopled  the  country.     Nominally  colonists,  these  people 
!  practically  a  group  of  independent   states,  only  awaiting  the  com- 
ing ol  •  adj  foreshadowed  to  coalesce  into  a  new  nation.    From 
this  sturdy  civilization  the  lake  region  was  completely  cut  off  by  the 
A  lie-                   arrier  not  to  be  crossed  at  all  until  the  close  of  the  Revo- 
lution; and  for  Michigan  not  until  long  after  that  date.     As  under  the 
French,  so  under  the  English,  the  lake  region  continued  to  be  held  by 
lined  in  an  l  ntry  for  the  protection  of  the  fur- 
e  difficulties   of    the   situation  arose  from  the  fact  that  the 
Indians  disputed  the  righl  of  the  French  to  dispose  of  the  country  to  the 
English;  while  on  their  part,  the  English,  having  no  longer  to  fear  the 
h  power,  took  less  and  less  pains  to  conciliate  the  Indians. 
Captain   Donald  Campbell,  as  he  settled  down   for  a   long  winter  at 
Detro                                 i    ill   phased   with  his  situation.2     The  fort    was 

ind  in  g I  repair,  with  two  bastions  towards  the  river  and  a  large, 

Btrong  bastion  towards  the  Isle  au  Cochon  (Belle  Isle);  two  six  pounders 

and  three    mortars    made  up  the  battery.     Within  the  high    palisades 

y  or  eighty    houses    lined  the  narrow    streets.     The    fertile 


ety,  at  the  animal  meeting.  18%;  and  now 
ol  Harper  A  Brothers.    Copyrighted. 

ad  of  th.>  liritioli   xarrison  at  Detroit  by  Major  Robert 
i-.*t   »u   aiirr.-i,  ,,.j,    by    M.   Deletre,  the    French 

oonn  nifiant. 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS.  613 

country  along  both  banks  of  the  river  was  cu1  into  narrow  farms  front- 
ing on  the  water  and  extending  back  into  the  endless  forest  The 
Indians  living  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Fori,  as  well  as  the  settlers,  looked 
to  the  commandant  for  both  justice3  and  supplies.  The  soldiers  were 
contented,  a  fact  which  the  captain  ascribed  to  the  absence  of  rum;  and 
the  Indians  were  seemingly  friendly,  although  the  supplies  issued  to 
them  were  meagre  in  extreme.  The  serial  life  al  Detroil  especially 
pleased  the  gray-haired  bachelor  commandant.  The  women  surpassed 
his  expectations;  and  the  men.  although  very  independent.  wer< 
ready  for  pleasure.  The  Sunday  card  parlies  at  The  commandant's  quar- 
ters, attended  by  both  sexes,  gave  to  life  at  Detroit  a  zesl  uo1  known  at 
Fort  Pitt;  and  at  a  ball,  given  in  honor  of  the  King's  birthday,  the  array 
of  ladies  was  so  flue  as  to  call  forth  Captain  Campbell's  hearty  com- 
mendations, in  one  of  his  numerous  gossipy  letters  to  Colonel  Bouquet. 
Moreover,  both  the  French  and  the  Indians  were  as  fond  of  the  pleasure- 
loving  captain  as  their  fickle  natures  would  allow. 

During  the  summer,  however,  emissaries  from  the  Six  Nations  came  to 
Detroit  with  large  belts,  for  the  purpose  of  stirring  up  a  general  warfare 
against  the  English.  Matters  became  so  serious  that  Sir  Jeffrey  Amherst 
thought  best  to  send  Sir  William  Johnson  to  make  a  treaty  at  Detroit, 
and  to  dispatch  Major  Gladwin  with  three  hundred  light  infantry  to 
strengthen  the  western  posts.  On  their  arrival  in  September,  Sir  Wil- 
liam stated  his  conviction  that  the  conspiracy  against  the  English  was 
universal;  but  this  opinion  was  not  shared  by  General  Amherst.  The 
latter  thought  the  Indians  incapable  of  doing  serious  harm,  but  ordered. 
by  way  of  precaution,  that  they  be  kept  short  of  powder. 

The  visit  of  Sir  William  Johnson  was  the  greatest  social  event  that 
the  people  of  Detroit  had  ever  known.  Captain  Campbell  was  in  his  ele- 
ment. On  Sunday  evening  he  gave  a  ball  to  which  he  invited  about 
twenty  of  the  French  maidens  of  the  settlement.  The  dame  began  at 
eight  o'clock  in  the  evening  and  lasted  until  five  next  morning.  It  was 
opened  by  Sir  William  and  Mademoiselle  Cuillerie,  the  daughter  of  the 
principal  French  trader;  and  her  black  eyes  made  such  a  lasting  impres 
sion  on  the  gallant  Indian  agent  that  the  exchange  of  compliments 
between  them  appears  in  the  correspondence  for  several  years,  the  last 
mention  being  found  in  a  letter  from  -lames  Stirling,  who.  en  behalf  of 
his  wife,  returns  hearty  thanks  for  Sir  William's  civilities  to  her.  four 
years  previous.  Before  leaving  Detroit,  Sir  William  also  gave  a  ball, 
and  on  this  occasion  the  dancing  continued  for  eleven  hours.  There  was 
also  a  round  of  dinners  and  calls,  at  which  wines  and  cordials  were 
served  without  stint;  presents  were  showered  upon  the   Indians,  and 

3  Gladwin  MSS.    Warrant  issued  by  Sir  Jeffery.  Amherst  to  Major  Henry  Gladwin,' Oj^gMand 
zecation  of  the  sentences  in  the  case  of  two  Panis  (Pawnee)  slaves  for  the  n.arder  of  John  Uapnam. 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 
ii.il  all  the  principal  inhabitants  dined  with  the  diplo 

l„  a||  these  festivities  Major  Gladwin  had  no  part.     Lying  in  a  little 

withi aringof  the  lively  fiddle  and  the  laughter  of  the  dancers, 

i,  \    racked   his   bones   and  made  him  long  for  his 

\i  evening  Sir  William  would  visii  him  to  talk  over 

day  and  plan  for  the  future;  and  ii  was  no1  until  the 
, .T   thai    Gladwin    was  able  to  leave  for  Fori   William 
i.  Lis  way  to  England. 
Inly,  17G2,  the  Indians  learned  with  satisfaction  thai  England  was 
r  with  Spain,  and  soon  the  reporl  spread  far  and  wide  that  the 
and  Spanish  were  to  retake  Quebec  and  all  Canada.     Here  at  last 
.    mice  for  which  the  savages  had  been  waiting.     With  the  help 
of  the  French  they  could  drive  oul  the  English,  and  once  more  receive 
solicitous  attention  from  both  nations.     At   this  juncture  .Major  Glad- 
win again  appeared  al  Detroit,  this  time  with  orders  to  establish  posts 
on  Lake  Superior  and  to  exercise  general  supervision  over  the  north- 
ii    establishments.     Captain  Campbell,    although  now  somewhat 
wearied  by  the  sameness  of  garrison  pleasures,  remained  as  second  in 
command;  and  the  favor  in  which  he  was  held  by  both  the  French  and 
ndians  was  a  derided  help  to  the  adroit  and  businesslike  Gladwin. 

umpan\  il ulcers  had  sir  Roberl  Davers,  an  Englishman  of  edu- 

■  alien  and  adventurous  disposition,  who  had  been  exploring  the  Lake 
Superior  com 

As  Spring  i  ame  and  I  he  February  i  haws  and  March  rains  loosened  the 
ice  bom is  thai  for  three  long  months  bad  locked  Detroil  from  the  world, 
liladwin  al  evening  must  often  have  siood  on  the  platform  within  the 
palisades  lo  look  oul  on  the  tumultuous  river,  where  the  great  ice  cakes 

Ste.  <  'laire,  tumbling  over  each  other  like  marine  monsb 

play,  wen.-  hurrying  down  to  the  warmer  waters  of  Lake  Erie.     By  da\ 

tails   of   administration    kept  him  busy.     The  French  merchants 

within  the  fori  grumbled  al  the  increased  taxes  imposed  for  the  support 

arrison  much  larger  than  their  own  king  had  maintained;  the  out- 

lying  po^is  were  continually  sending  for  supplies;  General  Amherst  was 

cautioning  againsl  gifts  of  ammunition  and  rum  to  the  Indians;  and  the 

i,  having  bartered  their  furs  for  liquor  at  Niagara,  had  no  means 

of  obtaining  the  necessaries  of  life  from  the  traders  al  Detroit.     Some  of 

'  nch  and  Indians  complained  thai  Gladwin  called  them  dogs,  and 

drove  them  from  his  house;  and  the  subsequenl  career  of  those  persons 

wuo  made  ll|r  charges   shows   thai    the   commandant  was  an  excellent 

ol  human  nature. 


ESaBKste 


fho  family  has  since  become  extinct. 


THE   GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS.  R15 

Confident  of  the  power  of  England  to  bold  all  1  ba1  she  liad  gained  from 
Franco,  Gladwin  had  no  suspicions  that  the  Indians  would  foolishly  rush 
to  their  own  destruction  by  an  attack  on  The  British  posts.  Living 
behind  palisades, and  surrounded  by  a  cordon  of  discontented  and  intrigu- 
ing French,  Gladwin  could  have  no  accurate  knowledge  of  the  mis- 
chief that  for  months  had  been  plotted  by  the  Ottawa  chief,  Pontiac,  who 
had  established  himself,  with  his  wives,  on  the  narrow  isle  a  la  Peche 
(Peach  Island),  rising  above  the  waters  of  Lake  Ste.  Claire  and  concealed 
from  the  view  of  the  fort  by  the  thickly  wooded  Isle  au  Cochon.  There 
is  no  reason  to  believe  that  Pontiac  had  impressed  himself  upon  Gladwin 
as  being  in  any  way  distinguished  above  the  other  chiefs,  and  doubtless 
many  of  the  reports— like  those  of  Rogers— of  the  Ottawa's  striking  per- 
sonality are  too  highly  colored.  The  fact  remains,  however,  that  now. 
at  the  age  of  fifty,  Pontiac  was  in  the  full  vigor  of  his  power  over  the  sur- 
rounding tribes,  and  that,  during  his  connection  with  the  whites,  his 
keen  intelligence  had  absorbed  valuable  military  knowledge.  According 
to  his  own  account,  he  had  saved  the  French  at  Detroit  from  massacre 
in  1746,  when  the  great  chief  Mickinac  (the  Turtle)  came  with  his  north- 
ern bands  "to  carry  off  the  head  of  the  French  commander  and  eat  his 
heart  and  drink  his  blood."  Doubtless,  too,  he  had  led  the  Ol  lawns  at 
Little  Meadows  in  17r>5,  when  <  Had  win  for  the  first  time  heard  the 
Indian  warwhoop.  At  a  great  council  (April,  1763),  held  on  the  hanks 
of  the  River  Ecorses,  below  Detroit,  Tontiac  had  related  to  the  supersti- 
tious Indians  a  dream  wherein  the  Great  Spirit  sent  his  message  that 
they  were  to  cast  aside  the  weapons,  the  manufactures  and  the  rum  of 
the  white  men.  and  with  help  from  above,  drive  the  dogs  in  red  from 
every  post  in  their  country.  The  superstitious  Indians  heard  with  awe 
the  voice  from  on  high,  and  left  the  council  prepared  to  obey  the  sum- 
mons. 

Detroit  being  the  chief  point  of  attack.  Pontiac  took  upon  himself  the 
plan  for  surprising  and  massacring  the  garrison.  On  May  1,  forty  Otta- 
was  danced  the  calumet  dance  before  Gladwin's  house.  This  visit  was 
for  the  purpose  of  spying  out  the  land.  Four  days  later,  M.  Gouin,  a  sub- 
stantial French  settler,  brought  word  that  his  wife,  while  visiting  the 
Ottawa  camp  to  buy  venison,  had  seen  the  Indians  tiling  oil'  the  ends  of 
their  gun  barrels,  evidently  preparing  for  some  deed  of  treachery.  On 
the  evening  of  the  6th  Gladwin  received  private  information  that  the 
next  day  had  been  set  for  the  destruction  of  his  garrison.  The  exacl 
source  of  this  private  information  is  still  a  matter  of  doubt.  Lieutenant 
McDougall,  who  doubtless  knew  the  secret,  gives  no  hint  in  his  report. 
Mr.  C.  M.  Burton  makes  the  not  impossible  suggestion  that  Mademoi- 
selle Cuillerie,  whose  father  and  brother  unquestionably  knew  of  the  con 
spiracy,  put  Major  Gladwin  on  his  guard,  and  that  .lames  Stirling,  who 


Till;   GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

husband,  was  well  rewarded  bj  the  British  for 

ird    which  Stirling  received,   however, 

well  have  bit-n  given  because  he  became  the  leader  of  the  French 

.  n  they  a1  last  determined  to  supporl  Gladwin.    Carver,  who 

to  bi   described,  and  who  pub- 

:  three  editions   of  his    "Travels  through  North  America"    while 

in  was  still  living,  relates  withoul  contemporary  contradiction,  a 

ted  with  little  hesitation  and  that  Parkman  clings 

..i  the  doubts  thrown  upon  it   by  investigations  he  himself 

-  ibsequenl  to  the  first  edition  of  his  "Conspiracy  of  Pontine." 

ng  of  Ma.\  7th,  according  to  Carver,6  an  Indian  girl  who  had 
mployed  by  Major  Gladwin  to  make  him  a  pair  of  moccasins  out  of 
curious  elk  skin,  brougbl  her  work  home.     The  Major  was  so  pleased 
with  i  ins   that,   intending   them  as  a  present  to  a  friend,  he 

ordered  her  to  take  back  the  remainder  of  the  skin  to  make  a  pair  for 
him.     Saving  been  paid  and  dismissed,  the  woman  loitered  at  the  door. 

Gladwin  was  quick  ei 'jli  to  see  that    something   was   amiss.     Being 

io  tell  her  trouble,  she  said,  after  much  hesitation,  that  as  he  had 

always  behaved  with  much  g Iness  to  her,  she  was  unwilling  to  take 

away  the  remainder  of  the  skin,  because  lie  put  so  great  a  value  upon  it 
ami  sin-  should  never  be  able  to  bring  it  hack.  His  curiosity  being  now 
-I.  1m-  insisted  thai  she  disclose  Hie  secret  that  seemed  to  be  strug- 
gling in  her  bosom  for  utterance.  At  last,  on  receiving  a  promise  that 
tin-  intelligence  she  was  aboul  to  give  him  should  not  turn  to  her  preju- 
dice, ami  that  if  it  appeared  to  !»•  beneficial  she  should  be  rewarded  for 
it.  she  informed  him  thai  at  the  council  to  be  held  witli  tlie  Indians  the 
follow  ing  day,  Pontiac  ami  his  chiefs  intended  to  murder  him;  and,  after 
having  massacred  the  garrison  ami  inhabitants,  to  plunder  the  town. 
Gladwin  then  dismissed  her  with  injunctions  to  secrecy  and  a  promise 
of  reward. 

A  story  ;n  once  so  romantic  and  so  widely  accepted  deserves  tender 
treatment;  but  in  the  Parkman  manuscripts  this  same  tale  is  found  in 
the  mouth  of  one  of  Roger's  soldiers,  w  ho,  as  Cass  proves,  could  not  have 
known  il„.  facts.  The  truth  probably  has  been  related  by  the  unknown 
author  of  the  Pontiac  Diary.  This  writer  says  thai  an  Ottawa  Indian 
called  Mahigan.  who  had  entered  but  reluctantly  into  the  conspi 
ud  who  fell  disph-ased  with  the  steps  his  people  were  taking,  came 
on  Friday  night,  withoul  the  knowledge  of  the  other  Indians,  to  the  gate 
of  the  Fort  and  asked  to  be  admitted  to  the  presence  of  the  commander, 


M  icDonald  given  Way  6.  Friday,  ae  the  day  of  the  diecloenre. 


THE   GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  617 

saying  that  he  had  something  of  importance  to  tell  him.  The  gates  hav- 
ing been  opened,  he  was  conducted  to  Captain  Campbell,  second  in  com- 
mand, who  sent  for  Gladwin.  They  wished  to  call  in  the  interpreter, 
Labutte.  but  the  Indian  objected,  saying  that  he  could  make  himself 
understood  in  French.  He  unfolded  the  conspiracy  of  the  Indians,  and 
told  how  they  would  fall  on  the  English  nexl  day.  Having  obtained  a 
pledge  of  secrecy  and  having  refused  presents  lesl  the  Indians  should 
discover  his  treachery  and  kill  him.  ho  left  the  fort  secretly.  The  writer 
adds  that  Gladwin  made  a  promise  not  to  disclose  the  source  of  his  infor 
mation,  and  that  he  kepi  it.7 

The  crisis  had  come  in  the  life  of  the  young  commandant  of  his 
majesty's  forces  at  Detroit.  Although  he  could  not  then  have  known 
the  extent  of  the  widespread  conspiracy  which  Pontiac  had  planned'  yei 
he  did  know  that  his  steadfastness  and  his  knowledge  of  Indian  warfare 
were  about  to  be  put  to  the  test.  Gladwin  was  a  soldier  by  choice  and 
by  training,  and  the  seven  years  he  had  spent  in  England's  service  on  the 
frontiers  had  not  been  without  its  hard  lessons.  In  175.")  he  had  landed 
on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  ill  fated  l'.raddock 
expedition.  lie  was  one  of  that  band  of  glittering  officers  whom  the  pro- 
vincial soldier,  George  Washington,  had  envied  as  they  congregated  in 
the  old  Braddock  House  at  Alexandria,  whose  now  bare  but  stately  stair- 
case and  broad  halls  seem  still  to  be  peopled  by  the  ghosts  of  fair  ladies 
and  dashing  soldier  gallants  of  a  century  and  a  quarter  ago.  In  the 
ambush  of  Little  Meadows  he  had  learned  from  the  brave  yet  cautious 
young  Virginian  that  the  military  science  of  the  old  world  was  out  of 
place  in  battling  with  the  denizens  of  the  American  forests;  and  in  the 
campaigns  against  Ticonderoga  and  Niagara  this  new  knowledge  had 
stood  him  in  good  stead.  Scarcely  more  than  a  year  previous  he  had 
given  a  hostage  to  fortune  by  leading  to  the  altar  of  the  little  Winger- 
wort  church  in  Derbyshire  a  beautiful  girl  of  nineteen,  from  whose  side 
military  duties  in  America  too  quickly  recalled  him.  As  the  prospective 
head  of  an  old  and  honorable  county  family,  yet  with  little  besides  his 
profession  of  arms  to  give  him  support  and  reputation,  Henry  Gladwin, 
at  the  age  of  thirty-three,  must  have  realized  that  the  peril  which  now 
faced  the  King's  supremacy  was  for  him  the  door  to  success  or  to  failure 
in  life,  according  as  he  should  succeed  or  fail  to  hold  the  post  of 
Detroit  against  the  savages  whose  hostility  and  crafty  treachery  now 
threatened  it.  And  yet.  perhaps  the  warning  of  danger  to  come  might 
be  without  foundation,  as  so  many  other  warnings  had  proved  to  be. 
Perhaps  the  prudent,  if  fickle,  Indians  were  bent  merely  on  extorting 

'  The  Pontiac  Diary  was  written  in  French,  probably  by  one  of  the  priests  of  St.  Anne's.  "  Ka*  f"m"' 
in  the  roof  of  a  Canadian  house  that  wrs  being  torn  down.  Three  translations  exist,  one  in  manuscript 
is  among  the  Parkman  MSS.  in  the  Library  of  ihe  Massachusetts  Historical  S.  cietj  .another  is  to  be 
fonnd  in  Schoolcraft's  second  volume;  and  the  other  in  Vol.  8,  Michigan  Pioneer  tolec. ions.  J  lie '  origi- 
nal has  been  lost  tbrongh  the  carelessness  of  persons  connected  with  the  old  Michigan  Historical 
Society;  and  the  loss  is  a  serious  one. 
78 


618  THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

ate  and  a  more  liberal  portion  of  rum.     Perhaps  the  serene 

pathway  of  peace  and  nol  of  war;  perhaps  the  stillness  of  the 

trackl(  0|  destined  to  be  broken  by  the  warwhoop  and  the 

,!,..,,!,  crv,     if  i,  was  to  be  war  he  would  be  found  neither  unprepared 

nor  wanting  in   the  determination  thai   marks  the  soldier.     In  either 

the  morrow  would  tell  the  story. 

Vboul  ten  o'clock  the  nexl  morning,  as  Carver  relates.  Pontiac  and  his 

chiefs  arrived,  and  were  conducted  to  the  council  chamber,  where  Glad- 

win  and  his   principal    officers   awaited  their  coming.     As  the  Indians 

passed  on  they  could  no1  help  observing  a  greater  number  of  troops  than 

usual  drawn  up  on  the  parade.     No  sooner  had  the  Indians  entered  the 

council  chamber  and  Beated  themselves  on  the  skins  prepared  for  them, 

than  Pontiac  asked  the  commandant  why  his  young  men,  meaning  the 

Boldiers,  were  thus  drawn  up,  and  parading  the  streets.     "To  keep  them 

p.-rfcct  in  their  exercise."  was  the  answer. 

Then  Pontiac  began  to  protest  his  friendship  and  good  will  towards 
Dglish;  and  when  he  came  to  deliver  the  belt  of  wampum,  which, 
according  to  the  warning,  was  to  he  the  signal  for  his  chiefs  to  fire,  "the 
governor  and  all  his  attendants  drew  their  swords  half-way  from  their 
Kcabbards;  and  the  soldiers  at  the  same  instant  made  a  clattering  with 
their  arms  before  the  doors,  which  had  been  purposely  left  open.  Even 
Pontiac  trembled,  and  instead  of  giving  the  belt  iu  the  manner  proposed, 
delivered  it  according  to  the  usual  way.  His  stolid  chiefs,  who  had 
expected  the  signal,  continued  quiet,  awaiting  the  result." 

I  rladwin,  in  his  turn,  made  a  speech.  Instead  of  thanking  Pontiac  for 
the  professions  of  friendship  just  uttered,  he  accused  him  of  being  a 
traitor,  lb-  said  t  hat  i  In-  English,  who  knew  everything,  were  convinced 
of  Pontiac's  treachery  and  villainous  designs.  Then,  reaching  down  to 
the  Indian  chief  seated  nearest  him,  he  drew  aside  his  blanket,  discover- 
ing' the  shortened  tin-lock.  This  entirely  disconcerted  the  Indians. 
Inasmuch  as  he  had  given  his  word  at  the  time  they  desired  an  audience 
that  their  persons  should  be  safe.  Gladwin  said  he  would  hold  his  pro- 
mise inviolable,  though  they  so  little  deserved  it.  However,  he  advised 
them  to  make  the  besl  of  their  way  out  of  the  fort,  lest  his  youug 
men.  on  being  acquainted  with  their  treacherous  purposes,  should 
•  in  everyone  of  them  to  pieces.  Pontiac  endeavored  to  contradict  the 
lion,  and  to  make  excuses  for  his  suspicious  conduct;  but  Gladwin 
I  to  1  and  the  Indians  sullenly  left   the  fort. 

kate  that  alter n  six  warriors  returned,  bringing  with  them  an  old 

ftquaw,  savin-  that  sin-  had  given  false  information.  Gladwin  declared 
that  she  had  never  given  any  kind  of  advice.8  When  they  insisted  that  he 
namc  ""•  author  of  what   he  had  heard   in  regard  to  a  plot,  he  simply 

Jmrnal     DoobtloM  thin  is  the  oriKin  of  the  romance  of  the  Indian  girl. 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS.  619 

replied  that  it  was  one  of  themselves,  whose  name  he  promised  never  to 
reveal.  Whereupon,  thej  wenl  off  and  carried  the  old  woman  with  them. 
When   they  arrived  in  camp,   Pontiac  seized  the  prisoner  and  gave  lier 

three  strokes  with  a  stick  on  the  head,  which  laid  her  Hat  on  tl„-  ground, 
and  (he  whole  nation  assembled  around  her,  and  called.  -Kill  her!  kill 
her." 

The  next  day  was  Sunday,  and  late  in  the  afternoon  Pontiac  and  sei 
eral  of  his  chiefs  paddled  across  the  placid  river  to  smoke  the  pipe  of 
peace  with  the  officers  of  the  fort.  Gladwin,  suspicious  of  so  much  pro 
testation,  refused  to  go  near  them;  but  Captain  Campbell,  unwilling  to 
lose  a  chance  to  pacify  the  Indians,  smoked  the  peace-pipe  with  them 
outside  the  fort  and  took  back  to  Gladwin  the  message  that  next  day  all 
the  nation  would  come  to  council,  where  everything  would  he  settled  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  English,  after  which  the  Indians  would  inline 
diately  disperse,  so  as  to  remove  all  suspicion. 

At  ten  o'clock  next  morning  the  anxious  watchers  behind  the  palisades 
saw  a  fleet  of  canoes  coming  around  the  lower  point  of  the  long  island, 
and  as  the  swift-darting  boats,  hurried  by  paddle  and  current,  covered 
the  three  miles  of  water  the  soldiers  counted  fifty-six  of  these  barks,  each 
carrying  seven  or  eight  Indians.  The  bows  of  the  canoes  rested  lightly 
on  the  sand  of  the  sloping  bank,  and  the  warriors  made  their  way  to  the 
fort  only  to  find  the  gates  fast  barred  against  them.  Instead  of  the  cor 
dial  welcome  they  expected,  an  interpreter  met  them  with  the  message 
that  not  above  sixty  chiefs  might  enter.  Whereupon  Pontiac,  enraged  at 
seeing  the  futility  of  all  his  stratagems,  and  yet  confident  of  ultimate 
success,  in  his  most  peremptory  manner  bade  the  interpreter  say  to 
Gladwin  that  if  all  the  Indians  had  not  free  access  to  the  fort,  none  of 
them  would  enter  it.  "Tell  him,"  said  the  angry  chief,  "that  he  may  stay 
in  his  fort,  and  that  I  will  keep  the  country."  Then  Pontiac  strode  to 
his  canoe  and  paddled  for  the  Ottawa  village.  His  followers,  knowing 
that  the  fight  was  on.  ran  like  fiends  to  the  house  of  an  English 
woman  and  her  two  sons,  whom  they  tomahawked  and  scalped.  An 
other  party  paddled  swiftly  to  Isle  an  Cochon,  where  they  first  killed 
twenty-four  of  King  George's  bullocks,  and  then  put  to  death  an  old  Eng 
lish  sergeant.  Afterwards,  the  Canadians  buried  the  mutilated  corpse; 
but  on  returning  to  the  spot,  so  tradition  relates,  they  were  surprised  to 
see  an  arm  protruding  from  the  grave.  Thrice  the  dirt  was  heaped 
above  the  bodv,  and  thrice  the  arm  raised  itself  above  the  ground,  until 
the  mound  was  sprinkled  with  holy  water;  then  the  perturbed  spirit  left 
the  bodv  in  peace  never  since  disturbed.  Having  put  to  death  all  the 
English  outside  the  fort,  the  Indians  sent  to  Gladwin  a  Frenchman  to 
report  both  the  killing  of  the  woman  and  her  children  and  also  the  mur- 
der of  Sir  Robert  Davers,  Captain  Robertson  and  a  boat's  crew  ot  six 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

,,  had  !»•  a  senl  to  the  St.  Clair  flats  to  discover  a  passage 

i n.  is  bound  to  Michilimackinac.     This  information 

l  lingering  doubts  thai  the  Indians  were  determined  to  wipe 
..lit  the  English  al  Detroit. 

dm  bis  return  to  the  Ottawa  village,  Pontiac  ordered  the  squaws  to 
change  the  camp  to  the  western  bank,  above  the  fort.  As  the  night 
gathered  upon  the  tireless  river,  dropping  a  curtain  between  the 
great  chief  ;m<l  his  enemies,  Pontiac  bimself,  hideous  in  war  paint, 
leaped  into  the  center  of  the  ring  of  braves,  and  nourishing  his  toma- 
liawk,  began  to  chanl  the  record  of  his  valorous  deeds.  One  by  one  the 
listening  braves,  catching  the  contagion  from  their  mighty  chief,  were 
drawn  into  the  ring,  until  al  last  every  savage  was  wildly  dancing  the 
war-dance.  There  was  no  sleep  for  the  garrison  that  night.  Gladwin, 
as  be  paced  the  wide  streel  thai  encircled  the  buildings  of  the  fort  just 
within  the  pickets,  io.>k  council  with  himself  as  to  how  he  might  with- 
stand his  crafty  enemies.  Burning  arrows,  silent  messengers  of  destruc- 
tion, might  easily  set  fire  to  the  four  score  or  more  wooden  buildings 
within  the  enclosure;  and  the  church,  standing  near  the  palisades,  was 
particularly  exposed,  unless,  indeed,  the  superstitious  Indians  should 
hearken  to  (heir  only  less  superstitious  French  allies,  who  had  threatened 
the  savages  with  the  vengeance  of  the  Great  Spirit  if  they  should 
attempt  to  destroy  the  house  of  God.  The  two  six-pounders,  the  three- 
pounder  and  the  mortars  composing  the  battery  of  the  fort  were  of  little 
avail  againsl  an  enemy  thai  foughl  singly  and  from  behind  trees  or  what- 
ever  protei  tion  the  opportunities  mighl  afford;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
an  English  bead  above  the  pickets  or  an  English  body  at  a  port  hole  was 
the  sure  lodgmenl  for  an  Indian  bullet.  The  garrison  was  made  up  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty  two  soldiers  and  eight  officers,  together  with 
about  forty  fur  traders  and  their  assistants.  These  traders  would  fight 
e  ih.ir  lives,  but  were  inclined  to  the  French  rather  than  to  the 
English.  Between  this  little  garrison  and  the  thousand  savages  was  a 
Bingle  row  of  palisades  made  by  planting  logs  dose  toe-ether  so  that  they 
would  stand  twenty  live  feel  above  ground.     Blockhouses  at  the  angles 

and  at  the   gates   afforded   additional    pr cl ion;  and,  best  of  all,  the 

brimming  river,  whose  little  waves  lapped  the  sandy  shore  near  the  south 
line  of  palisades,  gave  an  abundant  water  supply.  A  schooner  and  a 
sloop,  both  armed,  mighl  be  relied  on  to  keep  open  the  line  of  communi- 
cation  with  Niagara,  whence  .Major  Walters  would  send  supplies.  Pro- 
mot.on  would  be  the  reward  of  success;  the  torture-stake  the  penalty  of 
failure.  r  J 

omes  before  dawn  was  in  the  air  when  Gladwin  joined 
•he  anxious    watchers  in  the   blockhouse.    The  placid    river   seemed  a 

lalrmont'a  testimony,    (jlmlwiu  Mss. 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 


621 


great  mirror  reflecting  the  brighter  stars.  Gradually  the  black  outlines 
of  low  farm  houses  and  encircling  woods  melted  into  gray;  and  then 
beyond  the  wooded  island  a  disc  of  molten  gold,  pushing  itself  higher 
and  higher,  made  of  the  deep  waters  a  broad  pathway  of  shimmering 
light.  On  the  low  bluff  far  up  the  river,  Gladwin's  anxious  eye  discov 
ered  the  lodges  of  Pontiac's  Ottawas,  who,  under  the  cover  of  the  aighl 
had  paddled  around  tin-  head  of  the  island  and  noiselessly  established 
themselves  above  the  line  of  French  farmhouses.  This  meanl  a  siege; 
and  as  the  commandant  was  still  gazing  at  the  preparations  for  war,  a' 
pattering  of  bullets  against  the  blockhouse  announced  the  beginning'of 
hostilities. 

During  the  morning  a  party  of  Wyandottes,  summoned  by  Pontiac  to 
a  council,  stopped  at  the  fort  on  their  way.  Fortified  by  English  rum, 
they  went  off  to  the  meeting-place  under  promise  to  Gladwin  thai  they 
would  do  all  they  could  to  appease  the  Ottawas  and  dissuade  them  from 
further  hostilities.  Next  came  a  number  of  the  French  set  this,  bring- 
ing  with  them  chiefs  of  the  Ottawas,  Wyandottes.  Chippewas  and  Pot 
tawattamies,  who  told  Gladwin  that  almost  all  the  French  had  gathered 
at  the  house  of  the  trader  M.  Cuillerie,  where  the  Indians  were  to  hold 
their  council.  They  assured  Gladwin  that  if  he  would  allow  Captain 
<'ampbell10  and  another  officer  to  go  to  the  council,  it  would  aot  be  hard 
to  persuade  the  Indians  to  make  peace.  At  any  rate,  it  could  do  no  harm 
to  try;  for  both  the  French  and  the  Indians  promised  to  sec  that  the 
popular  old  Captain  and  his  companion  returned  in  safety  thai  very 
night.  Gladwin,  having  little  hope  of  turning  Pontiac  from  his  pur- 
poses, was  reluctant  to  intrust  Captain  Campbell  to  their  hands;  hut  the 
Captain,  relying  on  the  friendship  that  had  existed  between  him  and  the 
savages,  no  less  than  on  the  promises  id'  the  French,  urged  to  lie  allowed 
to  go  to  the  council.  The  deciding  influence  which  broughl  Gladwin  to 
consent  was  the  absolute  necessity  of  getting  into  the  fori  a  supply  of 
corn,  Hour  and  bear's  grease;  for  the  garrison  had  in  store  not  more  than 
enough  for  three  weeks.  So,  while  Captain  Campbell  and  Lieutenant 
McDougall  went  oil'  with  high  hopes,  the  prudent  commandant,  under 
cover  of  the  darkness,  set  about  gathering  provisions  from  the  French 
settlers  across  the  river. 

Scarcely  had  the  embassy  of  peace  crossed  the  cleared  space  aboul  the 
fort  than  they  were  met  by  M.  Gouin,  who  first  urged  ami  then  begged 
them  not  to  trust  their  lives  in  the  hands  of  the  now  excited  Indians. 
The  appeal  was  vain.  Vet  even  while  (he  party  were  making  their  way 
along  the  bank  of  the  river,  they  were  set  upon  by  a  crowd  of  Indians,  al 
whose  hands  they  would  have  fared  ill  indeed  had  not  1'ontiac  himself 
cometotherescue.  On  reachingthe  appointed  place  of  meeting, they  found 

">  Cooler  and  other  historians  confuse  Captain  Campbell  with  Major  Campbell,  who  came  later. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

tbelargesl  room  filled  with  French  and  Indians,    [nthecenter  of  the  group 
rrayed  in  a  ha1  and  coal  adorned  with  gold  law.1'    lie 

:  when  the  tw Heers  entered  and  remained  covered  during 

When  bread  was  passed,  he  ate  one  piece  to  show  the 
Indians,  uk  lit*  said,  thai  it  was  no1  poisoned.  Pontiac,  addressing  him- 
»,.|f  to  M.  Cuillerie,  craftily  said  thai  he  looked  upon  the  Frenchman  as 
,„,„.  to  life,  and  as  the  commandant  at  Detroit  until  the 
arrival  of  M.  Bellestre,  the  former  French  commandant.  Then  Pontiac, 
turning  to  the  British  officers,  told  them  plainly  that  to  secure 
the  English  mnsl  leave  the  country  under  escorl  and  without  arms 
or  baggage.  Thereupon  M.  Guillerie  warmly  shook  Lieutenant  McDou- 
gall's  hand,  saying,  "My  friend,  this  is  my  work;  rejoice  that  I  have 

obtained  such  g I  terms  for  you.     I  thoughl   Pontiac  would  be  mucli 

harder."  Boping  againsl  hope  for  the  garrison,  bul  apprehensive  of  no 
to  himself  and  his  brother  officer,  Captain  Campbell 
made  a  Bhorl  bul  earnest  plea  for  peace.  Then  he  and  Lieutenant 
McDougall  waited  anxiously  for  the  usual  grunt  of  approval.  The 
moments  dragged,  and  si  ill  the  Indians  sat  impassive.  For  the  space  of 
an  hour  there  was  unbroken  silence.  Then  Captain  Campbell,  dejected 
by  evidenl  failure,  arose  to  retrace  his  steps  to  the  fort.  "My  father," 
-.,,,]  Pontiac  quietly,  "will  sleep  tonight  in  the  lodges  of  his  red  children." 
The  unusual  intelligence  that  bad  raised  Pontiac  above  every  other 
Indian  chief,  had  led  the  English  to  rely  on  his  sense  of  honor,  a  quality 
rare  indeed  among  savages.  What  civilized  races  call  treachery  is  to 
the  Indian  legitimate  warfare.  H  never  occurs  to  a  savage  to  expose 
If  in  harm  in  order  to  accomplish  an  end  that  he  can  attain  safely 
l.\  deception.  In  spite  of  all  promises,  therefore,  the  two  Englishmen 
were  senl  under  Btrong  guard  to  the  house  of  M.  Meloche.  That  they 
were  no1  immediately  put  to  death  was  due  solely  to  the  fact  that  Glad- 
win held  Bevera]  Pottawattamie  prisoners,  and  Pontiac  shrewdly  enough 
d  thai  if  the  commandanl  should  retaliate  on  his  hostages,  that 
tribe  would  vanish  into  the  forest,  leaving  him  without  the  support  he  so 
much  needed. 

ain  Campbell  and  Lieutenant  McDougall  trusted  to  the  promises 
of  the  French  more  than  to  those  of  the  Indians.  It  1ms  been  assumed 
that  the  French  at  Detroil  were  the  victims  of  the  Pontiac  conspiracy 
onh  to  a  less  degree  than  were  the  English.  It  is  true  that  there  were  a 
few  prudent  French  farmers  who  cave  to  Gladwin  what  assistance  they 
could  give  without  drawing  down  on  themselves  the  enmity  of  the 
Indians;  hut  it  was  generally  b  Sieved  a ig  the  French  that  the  Eng- 
lish would  s i  be  driven  oul  of  New   France,  and  that  the  French  king 

would  heir  larch.     For  two  centuries  the  warfare  between 

>.iiMHS. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  623 

French  and  English  over  the  fur  trade  had  been  as  barbarous  as  war  was 
in  Europe  during  the  same  timr;  human  life  on  either  side  of  the  Atlantic 
was  not  considered  worth  a  King's  serious  consideration;  and  the  sol 
dier  of  that  day  in  every  nation  was  a  freebooter.  It  is  nm  surprising 
that  the  French  traders  and  wood  rangers  at  Detroit  should  have  seized 
upon  Pontiac's  war  to  despoil  their  ancienl  enemies  ami  their  conquerors 
of  less  than  three  years'  standing.  The  only  cause  for  surprise  is  that  the 
French  did  not  from  the  start  openly  make  common  cause  with  Pontiac. 
That  they  secretly  gave  aid  and  encouragement  to  the  Indians  was 
repeatedly  charged  by  Gladwin.  The  convincing  proof  of  his  assertions 
is  to  be  found  in  the  official  reports  of  inquiries  he  caused  to  be  held  at 
Detroit  during  the  siege,  reports  which  after  more  than  a  century  ami  a 
quarter  of  oblivion,  have  been  found  and  made  available  by  one  el'  Clad 
win's  descendants.  The  problem  for  Gladwin  was  to  hold  out  at  Detroit 
until  both  the  French  and  Indians  could  be  convinced  that  the  French 
government  could  not  assist  them  and  that  the  peace  with  England  was 
definite  and  lasting. 

The  terms  proposed  to  Captain  Campbell  were  offered  next  day  to 
Gladwin,  and  the  French  urged  him  to  escape  while  he  might;  but  the 
young  Englishman  absolutely  refused  to  make  any  terms  with  savages. 
His  soldiers  caught  his  spirit,  so  that  he  was  able  to  write  confidently  to 
General  Amherst,  that  he  would  hold  out  until  succor  should  come.  The 
schooner  Gladwin,  which  bore  the  dispatch,  eluded  Pontiac's  canoes; 
and  when  the  chief  reported  his  failure  to  M.  Cuillerie,  the  Frenchman 
jeered  at  him  because  five  canoes  withdrew  at  the  death  of  a  single  Pot 
tawattamie.12 

Now  began  a  long  series  of  disasters  (o  the  English.  Cue  by  one  the 
results  of  Pontiac's  plotting  transpired.  Everything  seemed  to  be  giv- 
ing way  before  the  exulting  savages.  On  May  22  news  came  of  the  cap 
ture  of  Fort  Sandusky.1'-  At  the  inquiry  Ensign  Paully  testified  that  on 
May  17  his  sentry  called  him  to  speak  with  some  Indians  at  the  gate. 
Finding  some  of  his  own  Indians  in  the  party,  he  allowed  seven  to  enter 

the  fort  and  gave  them  tobacco.     Soon  01 f  I  he  seven  raised  his  head 

as  a  signal,  whereupon  the  two  sitting  next  tl fticer  seized  and  bound 

him  and  hurried  him  from  the  room.  He  passed  his  sentry  dead  in  the 
gateway  and  saw  the  corpses  of  his  little  garrison  lying  about.  His  ser- 
geant was  killed  in  the  garden  where  he  had  been  planting;  the  mer- 
chants were  dead  and  their  stores  were  plundered.  The  Indians  spared 
Paully  and  took  him  to  their  camp  at  Detroit,  where  he  was  ado], id  as 
the  husband  of  a  widowed  squaw,  from  whose  toils  he  finally  escaped  to 
his  friends  in  the  fort.  On  May  IS,  Ensign  Holmes,  who  commanded  the 
garrison  of  the  Miamis.  was  told  by  a  Frenchman  that  Detroit  had  been 

"  Gladwin  MSS. 


Tin;  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

ed,  wherenpoo  the  ensign  called  in  his  men  and  8e1  them  at  work 
mn|.j,  hrce  days  later  Holmes'  [ndian  servant  besought 

tt i tn  to  of  her  friends  who  lay  ill  in  a  cabin  outside  the  stock- 

rand  of  mercy  he  was  shol  dead.  The  terrified  garrison 
of  nine  were  only  too  glad  to  surrender  a1  the  i  ommand  of  two  French- 
men. I'ontiac's  messengers,  who  were  on  their  way  to  the  Illinois  to  get 

mandanl  for  Detroit.     On  May  25,  at  Fort  St.  Joseph,  seventeen 

nattainies  came  into  Lieutenant  Schlosser's  room  on  the  pretense 
of  holding  a  council.  A  Frenchman  who  had  heard  that  treachery  was 
planned,  rushed  in  to  give  the  alarm,  whereupon  Lieutenant  Schlosser 

ized,  ten  of  the  garrison  were  killed,  and  the  other  three  with  the 
commnndanl  were  made  prisoners.  They  were  afterwards  brought  to 
Detroit  and  exchanged. 

On  the  29th  the  long  expected  bateaux  from  Niagara  were  seen  com- 
ing  up  i lie  river.  With  joyful  hearts  the  garrison  looked  forward  to  the 
end  of  their  tedious  siege.  Bu1  as  the  boats  came  nearer,  the  English 
saw  with  dismay  that  Indians  were  the  masters  of  the  craft.  When  the 
foremost  bateaux  came  opposite  the  schooner,  two  soldiers  in  her  made 
the  motion  to  change  rowing  places.  Quickly  they  seized  the  Indians 
ami  threw  them  overboard.  One  Indian  carried  his  assailant  with  him 
ami  in  the  struggle  both  found  death.  Another  soldier  struck  the 
remaining  Indian  over  the  head  with  an  oar  and  killed  him.  Under  the 
tire  of  sixty  savages  on  the  shore  the  three  plucky  Englishmen  escaped 
ressel  with  their  prize,  which  contained  eight  barrels  of  most 
acceptable  pork  and  Hour,  of  the  ten  bateaux  that  had  set  out  from 
Niagara  under  Lieutenanl  Cuyler,  eighl  had  been  captured  and  the  force 
had  been  completely  routed  by  an  Indian  surprise  and  night  attack. 
Following  the  capture  of  the  bateaux  came  the  darkest  days  of  the  siege. 
Often  during  a  whole  day.  the  Indians,  drunken  on  the  rum  from  the  cap- 
tured stores,  did  not  fire  a  shot,  but  in  their  fiendish  glee  they  gave  notice 
of  their  presence  by  sending  the  scalped  and  mangled  bodies  of  English 

'■s  to  lioal   pasl   the  palisades  in  sighl  of  the  sentries. 

To  add  to  these  tales  of  disaster  came  Father  La  Jaunay,  missionary 

at  Michilimackinac  (Old  Mackinac)  1o  tell  the  bloodiest  story  of  all.     On 

June  L'.  the  Chippewas  living  near  the  foil    assembled   for  their  usual 

gan f  ball.     They  played  from  morning  till  noon  ami  Captain  George 

ington  and  Lieutenanl  Leslie  stood  by  to  watch  the  sport.  Suddenly 
the  ball  was  struck  over  the  palisades.  A  dozen  Indians  rushed  through 
the  gate  to  gel  it.  Before  the  dazed  sentry  could  recover,  the  Captain 
l  ieutenanl  were  seized  and  hurried  off;  the  Indians  within  the  fort 
had  received  from  the  squaws  stationed  there  hatchets  hidden  under 
their  blankets;  in  an  instant  Lieutenant  Jamet,  fifteen  soldiers  and  a 
trader  named  Tracj   wore  put  to  death,  five  others  were  reserved  for  a 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  625 

like  fate,  and  the  remainder  of  the  garrison  were  made  prisoners.  Had 
it  not  been  for  the  powerful  influence  of  Charles  Langlade"  and  his 
friends  the  Ottawas,  all  the  English  must  have  perished;  as  it  was  Cap- 
tain Etherington,  Lieutenant  Leslie,  with  fourteen  men.  were  held  until 
July  is,  and  were  then  taken  to  Montreal  by  the  Ottawas. 

On  Sunday,  the  26th  of  June.  Pontiac,  for  mingled  purposes  of  religion 
and  business,  paddled  across  the  green  river  to  attend  mass  in  the  little 
French  chapel.  When  the  services  were  over,  the  chief  selected  three  of 
the  chairs  in  which  the  thrifty  French  had  been  carried  to  church,  and 
making  the  owners  his  chairmen,  he  and  his  guard  set  off  on  a  search  for 
provisions.  He  imitated  the  credit  certificates  issue,1,  by  Clad  win  and 
gave  in  payment  for  cattle  billets  signed  by  his  mark,  the  picture  of  a 
coon.  The  provisions  were  transported  to  Pontiac's  camp  near  Parent's 
Creek,  and  in  due  time  the  billets  were  redeemed.  The  next  day  Pontiac 
sent  another  summons  to  surrender,  saying  thai  nine  hundred  Indians 
were  on  their  way  from  Michiliniackinae.  and  if  Gladwin  waited  till 
those  Indians  came  he  would  not  be  answerable  for  the  consequences. 
Gladwin  replied  that  until  Captain  Campbell  and  Lieutenant  McDougall 
were  returned,  Pontiac  might  save  himself  the  trouble  of  sending  mes- 
sages to  the  fort.  To  this  the  wily  Pontiac  made  answer  that  he  had  too 
much  regard  for  his  distinguished  captives  to  send  them  back:  because 
the  kettle  was  on  the  fire  for  the  entire  garrison,  and  in  case  they  were 
returned  he  should  have  to  boil  them  with  the  rest. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  the  Gladwin,  returning  from  Niagara,  plow,  ,1  her 
way  up  the  white-capped  river  and  landed  a  force  of  fifty  men.  together 
with  provisions  and  some  much  needed  ammunition.  For  two  months 
Gladwin  had  guarded  Detroit  against  surprise  and  had  sustained  a  siege 
conducted  by  Pontiac  in  person,  while  fort  after  fort  laid  fallen  before 
the  savages.  As  the  Indians  returned  from  their  successes  elsewhere 
they  were  more  and  more  eager  for  the  overthrow  of  the  one  fort  that 
hitherto  had  battled  all  their  efforts.  In  his  extremity  Pontiac  now 
turned  on  the  French  and  threatened  to  force  them  to  take  up  arms 
against  the  English.  During  the  siege,  however,  copies  of  the  definitive 
treaty  between  France  and  England  had  reached  Detroit ;  and.  on  July  4, 
Gladwin  assembled  the  French,  read  to  them  the  articles  of  peace,  and 
sent  a  copy  across  the  river  to  the  priest.  Thereupon,  forty  Frenchmen 
choosing  James  Stirling  as  their  leader,  took  service  under  Gladwin.  On 
this  same  day  a  party  from  the  fort  made  a  sortie  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  in  some  powder  and  lead  from  the  house  of  M.  Baby,  who  had 
taken  refuge  in  the  fort.  Lieutenant  Hay,  an  old  Indian  tighter,  com- 
manded the  force,  and  in  his  exultation  over  driving  off  an  attacking 

Doubtless  Pontiac  then  fought  with  him. 
79 


526  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

party,  he  tore  the  scalp  from  the  head  of  a  wounded  Indian  and    shook 

ophy  in  the  face  of  his  enemies.     It  happened  that  the  one  of  the 

lied  was  the  son  of  a  Chippewa  chief;  and  as  soon  as  the  tribe 

i  of  their  disaster  they  wenl  to  Pontiac  to  reproach  him  for  being 

ol  their  ills,  sayingthat  be  was  verj   brave  in  taking  a  loaf  of 

beef  from  a  Frenchman  who  made  no  resistance,  but  it  was 

the  Chippewas  who  had  all    the    men    killed    and  wounded  every  day. 

fore,  they  said,  they  intended  to  take  from  him  what  he  had  been 

Lieutenant  McDougall  had  already  made  his  escape  to  the  fort; 

Imi  1 1 1 . - \  wenl  t"  Meloche's  house,  where  the  brave  old  Captain  Campbell 

ill  confined.     They  stripped  him,  carried  him  to  their  camp,  killed 

him,  look  out  his  heart  and  ale  it,  nil  off  his  head,  and  divided  his  body 

into  small  pieces.  Such  was  tl  e  end  of  a  brave  soldier,  esteemed,  loved 
and  sincei-eh  mourned  in  the  army  from  General  Amherst  and  Colonel 
Rouquel  down  to  the  privates  who  served  under  him. 

A  i  midnight  on  July  10  the  sentries  in  the  fort  saw  iloating  down  t lie 
black  river  a  great  mass  of  lire.  The  flames,  feeding  on  faggots  and 
lurch  hark,  leaped  high  in  the  air.  lighting  np  the  forest-covered  island 
in  the  background  and  bringing  into  high  relief  the  whitewashed  cot- 
ihat  lined  the  shore.  Hurried  by  the  swift  current,  a  great  fire 
raft,  built  by  the  French  and  Indians,  made  for  the  two  vessels  anchored 
in  the  stream;  luit  the  alert  crews  had  anticipated  their  danger  and  were 
prepared  for  it.  The  \essels  were  anchored  by  two  cables,  and  as  the 
(laming  pile  approached,  they  slipped  one  cable  and  easily  swung  out 
of  the  wa\   of  the  enemy. 

The  hot  di  'l.-d  each  other  all  too  slowly;  but  on  the  29th  of 

•  Inly  the  guards  heard  firing  down  the  river,  and  half  an  hour  later  the 
surprised  sent  ii,s  saw  the  broad  surface  of  the  river  dotted  with  bateaux, 
the  regular  dip  of  whose  oars  was  home  a  long  way  or,  the  still  morning 
air.  A  detachmenl  of  two  hundred  and  sixty  men  under  the  command 
of  ( laptain  I  >alzell,  one  of  <  leneral  Amherst's  aides-de-camp,  had  come  to 
I"11  :|"  end  to  the  siege.  Captain  Dalzell  was  an  officer  of  undoubted 
bravery,  and  the  tales  of  slaughter  he  had  heard  at  Presque  Isle  and  San 
dusky  on  his  wax  to  Delroit  made  him  anxious  lo  crush  Tontiac  by  one 
bold  stroke.  Gladwin,  whom  months  of  close  acquaintance  with  the 
wan  Indian  chief  had  taughl  discretion,  gave  consent  to  Dalzell's  plan 
of  a  night  attack,  only  on  the  threat  of  the  latter  to  leave  Detroit  unless 
such  a  blow  Bhould  be  struck."  The  treacherous  French,  learning  the 
details  of  the  plan,  immediately  pul  Pontiac  on  his  guard.  In  the  earliest 
"'  ,h"  ::U|  of  July,  Dalzell  marched  a  force  of  two  hundred  and 

,  , v,r,-rn..,y  „pp??ed  h/th.former.    There 

,oah  t'the    »n      'f'v      ","*  VV1"  (onn,s'    Historical  Society 
fiiTiinal  ■  '     Madeleine  ile  Tonnanconr,  and  that  when  Rhe 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS.  627 

fifty  men  along  the  sandy  hank  of  the  swift  flowing  river,  passed  the  well 
enclosed  cottages  of  the  French  and  on  towards  a  little  stream  that  fell 
into  the  river  about  a  mile  and  a  half  above  the  fort. 

The  twenty  live  men  in  advance  had  just  stepped  on  the  rude  bridge 
across  the  run.  whm  from  the  ridges  that  formed  the  further  side  of 
the  gully  came  a  volley  of  musketry  that  hurled  the  little  band  in  con- 
fusion back  on  the  main  body.  In  the  pitchy  darkness,  cheered  on  by 
Dalzell's  steady  words  of  command,  the  British  swept  the  ridges  only 
to  find  themselves  chasing  those  deadly  will-o'-the-wisps,  the  Hashes  of 
an  enemy's  guns.  To  fall  back  was  absolutely  necessary;  but  here 
again  the  soldiers  were  met  by  the  rapid  tiring  of  the  Indians  who  had 
occupied  the  houses  and  orchards  between  the  English  and  the  fort. 
Every  charge  of  the  soldiers  only  enveloped  the  pursuers  in  a  maze  of 
buildings,  trees  and  fences,  while  the  Indians  beat  a  nimble  retreat. 
firing  from  behind  any  shelter  they  could  find.  From  an  open  cellar,  the 
concealed  savages  poured  a  deadly  fire  into  the  British  ranks;  Km 
still  Dalzell  was  undismayed.  Where  commands  were  of  no  effect,  he 
beat  the  men  with  the  flat  of  his  sword.  Major  Robert  Rogers,  trained 
in  Indian  warfare,  burst  open  the  door  of  a  cottage  tilled  with  Indians, 
and  with  his  Rangers  put  the  ambushed  savages  to  flight.  Captain  »  taj 
fell  mortally  wounded  in  a  charge.  Dalzell  himself,  twice  wounded. 
went  to  the  succor  of  a  helpless  sergeant,  when  he  too  fell  dead,  and  the 
Indians  smeared  their  faces  with  his  heart's  blood.  Major  Rogers,  who 
succeeded  to  the  command,  took  possession  of  the  well  built  Campau 
house,  where  his  soldiers,  fortified  without  by  solid  logs  and  bales  of 
furs,  and  strengthened  within  by  copious  draughts  from  a  keg  of 
whisky,  held  the  enemy  at  bay  until  communication  could  be  had  with 
the  fort.  Two  bateaux  armed  with  swivels  soon  came  to  the  rescue 
of  Rogers,  wTho  had  been  besieged  by  about  two  hundred  Indians.  The 
remainder  of  the  force  under  Captain  Grant  beat  an  orderly  retreat.  Of 
the  two  hundred  and  fifty  who  went  out.  one  hundred  and  fifty-nine  were 
killed  or  wounded,  while  the  Indian  loss  did  not  exceed  twenty. 

This  victory  of  Bloody  Run.  as  the  creek  was  ever  afterward  called, 
restored  the  waning  fortunes  of  Pontiac,  and  every  day  brought  acces- 
sions to  his  forces.  Yet  never  since  the  siege  began  was  Major  Gladwin 
more  hopeful  of  ultimate  success.  So  the  heats  of  August  passed  with  an 
occasional  skirmish,  and  September  began.  The  Indians,  powerless 
against  the  palisades, again  turned  their  attention  to  thevessels  that  kept 
open  the  food  communication  with  the  settlers  across  the  river  and  made 
occasional  trips  to  Fort  Niagara  for  supplies  and  ammunition.  From  one 
of  these  latter  voyages  the  schooner  Gladtoin  was  returning  on  the  night 
of  September  4,  when,  the  wind  failing,  she  anchored  nine  miles  below 
the  fort,  having  on  board  her  commander.  Hoist,  her  mate,  Jacobs,  and 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

„  men.     Six  Iroquois,  supposed  to  be  friendly  to  the  English, 

thai  morning,  and  to  their  brethren  was  probably  due 

made  by  a  large  force  of  Indians,  whose  light  canoes 

drop]  iv  down  the  dark  river  thai  a  single  cannon  shot  and 

ollej  of  musketry  was  all  the  welcome  thai  could  be  given  them. 

rt.||  i0  the  flrsl  onslaught,  and  Jacobs,  seeing  that  all  hope  was 

miuand  to  blow  up  the  ressel.    At  the  word  some  Wyan 

,  knew  the  meaning  of  the  command,  gave  warning  to  their 

t,ious.  and  all  made  a  dash  overboard,  swimming  for  dear  life  to  be 

,1  the  dreaded  destruction.    Jacobs,  no  less  astonished  than  grati- 

of  his  words,  had  no  further  trouble  that  night,  and  the 

morning  he  sailed  away  to  the  fort.     Six  of  the  sailors  escaped 

unhurl  to  wear  the  medals  presented  to  them  for  bravery.15 

From  ill--  beginning  of  the  siege  Pontiac  had  relied  on  help  from  the 
.  in  the  Illinois  country,  to  whom  he  had  sent  an  appeal  for  aid. 
•■sine.'  Father  Bellestre  departed,"  he  said,  "the  Indians  had  no  news, 
nor  did  any  letti  French,  but  the  English  alone  received 

letters.  The  English  say  incessantly  thai  since  the  French  and  Span- 
ave  been  overthrown,  they  own  all  the  country.  When  our  father, 
M.  Bellestre,  was  going  off  from  hence,  he  told  us.  'My  children  the  Eng- 
lish today  overthrow  your  lather;  as  long  as  they  have  the  upper  hand  ye 
will  not  have  what  ye  stand  in  need  of;  but  this  will  not  last.'  We  pray 
our  fat  her  at  the  Illinois  to  take  pity  on  us  and  say,  'These  poor  children 
are  w  illing  to  raise  me  up.'  Why  do  we  that  which  we  are  doing  today? 
It  is  because-  we  are  unwilling  that  the  English  should  possess  these 
lands;  this  is  what   causeth  thy  children  to  rise  up  and  strike  every 

U  here." 

This   mess  endorsed    by   the  Chippewas   and  by  the  French 

inhabitants  at  Detroit,  tin-  latter  complaining  that  they  were  obliged  to 

submit  to  Indian  exactions.     .M.  Xeyons,  the  French  commandant  in  the 

Illinois  country,  acting  under  pressure  from  General  Amherst  (who  had 

learned    from    Gladwin    how    essential    to    Pontiac's    success    was   the 

ted  help  from  the  French)  replied  to  the  appeal  that  "the  great  day 

had  come  al  last  wherein  it  had  pleased  the  .Master  of  Life  to  command 

'.real   King    of  France   and  him    of  England    to  make  peace 

between  them,  sorry  to  see  the  blood  of  men  spilled  so  long."     So  these 

tiad  ordered  all  their  chiefs  and  warriors  to  bury  the  hatchet.     He 

promised  that  when  this  was  done  the  Indians  would  see  the  road  free, 

the  hikes  and  rivers  unstopped  and  ammunition  and  merchandise  would 

abound  in  their  villages;  their  women  and  children  would  be  cloaked; 

«ould    go    to    dames   and    festivals,    not   cumbered    with    heavy 

■lollies,   with   skirts,   blankets  and    ribbands.      "Forget  then,   my   dear 

ufm*n  AbrmJiaii.  i.lwiu  Mss 


THE   GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  g29 

children,"  he  commanded,"  "all  evil  talks.     Leave  off  from  spilling  the 

blood  of  your  brethren,  the  English.     Our  hearts  are  now  l f0u 

cannot,  at  present,  strike  the  one  without  having  the  other  for  an  enemv 

also."' 

Tins  message  had  the  desired  effect.  Dated  on  September  27  it.  con 
tents  so  dashed  Pontiac's  hopes  thai  on  October  12  he  sued  tnosl  submis 
sivelv  for  peace.  Gladwin,  being  in  need  of  Hour,  granted  a  truce  bul 
made  no  promises,  savin-  thai  General  Amherst  alone  had  power  to 

granl  pardon.     To  Amherst  the  commandant  wrote  that  it  would  be  g I 

policy  to  leave  matters  open  until  the  spring,  when  the  Indians  would  be 
so  reduced  for  want  of  powder  there  would  be  no  danger  that  they  would 
break  out  again,  "provided  some  examples  are  mad.'  of  our  good  friends 
the  French,  who  set  them  on/'  Gladwin  then  adds.  "No  advantage  ran  In- 
gained  by  prosecuting  the  war.  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  catching  them 
(the  Indians).  Add  to  this  the  expense  of  such  a  war  which,  if  continued, 
the  ruin  of  our  entire  peltry  trad,,  must  follow  and  the  loss  of  a  prodi- 
gious consumption  of  our  merchandise.  If  will  be  tin-  means  of  their 
retiring,  which  will  reinforce  other  nations  on  the  Mississippi,  whom 
they  will  push  against  us.  and  make  them  our  enemies  forever.  Conse- 
quently it  will  render  it  extremely  difficult  to  pass  that  country,  and 
especially  as  the  French  have  promised  to  supply  them  with  everything 
they  want." 

Then  follows  th<-  passage17  oftm  quoted  to  show  Gladwin's  cynical  bru 
tality:  '-They  have  lost  between  eighty  and  ninety  of  their  best  warriors; 
but  if  your  excellency  still  intends  to  punish  them  for  their  barbarities, 
it  may  be  easier  done,  without  any  expense  to  the  crown,  by  permitting 
a  free  sale  of  rum,  which  will  destroy  them  more  effectually  than  lire  and 
sword.-'  Parkman  closes  the  quotation  at  this  point;  but  a  very  differ- 
ent turn  is  given  to  the  matter  in  the  next  sentence,  taken  from  the  draft 
of  the  letter  in  Gladwin's  own  handwriting,  as  follows:  "Bu1  on  i he  con- 
trary, if  you  intend  to  accommodate  matters  in  spring,  which  I  hope  you 
will  for  the  above  reasons,  it  may  lie  necessary  to  send  up  Sir  William 
Johnson.-'  This  is  the  letter  of  a  warrior,  who  was  also  somewhat  of  a 
statesman. 

Pontiac's  conspiracy  ended  in  failure.  Tor  live  months  the  little  gar 
rison  at  Detroit  had  been  surrounded  by  a  thousand  or  more  savages; 
and  nothing  but  the  untiring  watchfulness  and  The  intrepid  coolness  of 
the  resourceful  commandant  saved  tin-  post  from  annihilation  and  pre 
vented  the  Indian  occupation  of  the  lake  country.  General  Amherst  was 
so  well  pleased  with  Gladwin's  course  during  the  first  four  monl  lis  of  1  he 
siege  that  on  .September  IT,  he  wrote  to  the  Secretary  at  War,  Ellis:  "As 

16  Gladwin  M83. 

"  Gladwin  DISS.    This  letter  is  io  Gladwin's  own  handwriting,  and  is  doubtless  his  original  draft. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

there  have  been  two  deputy  adjutants  general  serving  hero,  I  have  taken 
i1m.  |ibert  mark  of  my  entire  satisfaction  of  Major  Gladwin  s 

cl  and  commendable  behavior  in  appointing  him  a  deputy 
,„,,,,.  ,,,„  toremain  with  the  troops  al  Detroil  in  the  same 
manner  as  has  been  ordered.  This  is  no  more  than  a  name,  but  should 
„  be  your  gracious  pleasure  to  approve  it.  and  honor  Major  Gladwin 
with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel,  I  am  firmly  of  the  opinion  that  the 
promotion  of  so  deserving  an  officer  must  at  any  time  be  a  benefit  to  his 
majesty's  Bervice,  and  this  is  the  solo  view  I  have  in  mentioning  it  to 
you."  General  Amherst's  recommendations  were  followed,  and  Gladwin 
held  the  rank  of  lieutenanl  colonel  until  he  was  made  a  colonel  in  1777. 

H  fei]  to  the  ]<>i  of  Colonel  Bradstreet,  the  hero  of  Fort  Frontenac,  to 
be  greal  force  which  was  to  confirm  the  British  power  in  the  lake 
country.  The  vain  glory  of  that  officer  led  him  to  make  with  the  Indians 
a  peace  which  General  Gates,  who  had  succeeded  Amherst,  was  com- 
pelled  i"  repudiate.  Bradstreet's  expedition  got  no  further  than  San- 
dusky, but  a  detachmenl  reached  Detroil  late  in  the  August  of  17C4,  and 
on  the  last  day  of  that  month  Colonel  Gladwin  departed  from  Niagara  on 
his  way  to  New  York.  Be  was  heartily  tired  of  lighting  Indians,  and 
preferred  to  resign  rather  than  to  undertake  another  campaign  of  that 
Kind.  Returning  to  England,  we  find  him  in  177-1  living  a  contented  life 
with  his  wife  and  two  children;  but  ready  again  to  take  up  arms  for  his 
king.  ( »n  a  visit  i"  London  he  «  as  presented  to  <  leorge  III,  who  asked 
him  hew  long  he  had  been  in  town.  "Three  weeks,"  replied  the  soldier, 
ternation  of  George  Wert,  who  whispered  to  him  to  say  that 
he  had  just  arrived.  "But,"  says  Gladwin,  in  a  letter  to  General  Gage, 
ourt  only  on  that  occasion,  1  thought  there  could  be  no 
harm  in  Bpeaking  the  truth." 

In  April,  L769,  Pontiac  wenl  to  St.  Louis.  One  day  he  arrayed  himself 
in  the  uniform  of  a  French  officer,  given  him  years  before  by  the  Marquis 
de  Montcalm.  After  visiting  his  old  friends,  he  repaired  to  the  village 
of  Cahokia,  across  the  Mississippi,  where  he  joined  in  the  feast  given  by 
the  Illinois  Indians.  In  the  early  morning  he  left  the  town  for  the 
forest,  singing  as  he  went.  An  English  trader,  Wilkinson  by  name, 
awaiting  the  opportunity  and  thinking  to  rid  his  country  of  a  dangerous 
enemy,  promised  an  Illinois  Indian  a  barrel  of  rum  to  murder  the  famous 
chief.  This  treachery  on  the  pari  of  one  of  their  number,  cost  the  Illinois 
dear,  for  Pontiac's  friends  did  nol  cease  till  they  had  practically  wiped 
oul  the  Illinois  nation.  The  bodj  of  the  chief  was  buried  with  military 
honors  near  the  fori  al  St.  Louis.  "Neither  mound  nor  tablet,"  says 
an,  •'marked  the  burial  place  of  l'ontiac  For  a  mausoleum  a  city 
has  ii  be  forest  hero;  and  the  race  whom  he  hated  with  such 

burning  rancor  trample    with    unceasing  footsteps   over  his   forgotten 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  631 


EXTRACTS     OP    LETTERS,    DECLARATIONS,    ETC. 

EXTRACTS    FROM   A     LETTER    FROM    CAPT.  GEORGE    ETHERINGTON     COMMANDANT  OF 
MICHILIMACKINAC,   DATED  MICHILIMAIKIMAKI  MAC.  .JUNE  12,  1763. 

Sir:  Notwithstanding  what  I  wrote  you  in  my  last,  thai  all  the  savages 
were  arrived,  &  that  everything  seemed  in  perfed  tranquility;  yet  on 
the  second  instant  the  Chippewas  who  live  in  a  plain  near  this  fort, 
assembled  to  play  ball,  as  they  bad  dime  almost  every  day  since  their 
arrival;  They  play'd  from  morning  till  noon,  then  throwing  their  ball 
close  to  the  gate,  and  observing  Lieut.  Leslie  and  me  a  few  paces  out  of 

it,  they  came  behind  us.  seized,  and  carried  us  into  the  w Is.     In  the 

meantime  the  rest  rushed  into  the  fort,  where  they  found  their  squaws, 
whom  they  had  previously  planted  there,  with  their  hatchets  hid  under 
their  blankets,  which  they  took  and  in  an  instant  killed  Lieut.  Garnet 
and  fifteen  rank  and  file,  and  a  trader  named  Tracy;  they  wounded  two 
and  took  the  rest  of  the  garrison  prisoners,  five  of  which  they  have  since 
killed. 

They  made  prisoners  of  all  the  English  traders,  and  robb'd  them  of 
everything  they  had;  but  offered  no  violence  to  any  of  the  persons  and 
properties  of  the  Frenchmen. 

When  this  massacre  was  over  Messrs.  Langlad  and  Farti,  the  inter- 
preter came  down  to  the  place  where  Lieut. Leslie  and  me  were  prisoners, 
and  on  their  giving  themselves  as  security  to  return  us  when  demanded, 
they  obtained  leave  for  us  to  go  to  the  fort  under  a  guard  of  savages, 
which  gave  time  by  the  assistance  of  the  above  mentioned  gentlemen  to 
send  for  the  Oatewas,  who  came  down  on  the  first  notice  and  were  very 
much  displeased  at  what  the  Chippewas  had  done. 

Since  the  arrival  of  the  Oatawas  they  have  done  everything  in  their 
power  to  serve  us.  and  with  what  prisoners  the  Chippewas  have  given 
them  and  what  they  have  bought,  1  have  now  with  me  Lieut.  Leslie  and 
eleven  privates,  &  the  other  four  of  the  garrison  who  are  yet  living 
remain  in  the  hands  of  the  Chippewas. 

The  Chipewas,  who  are  superior  in  numbers  to  the  Outawas,  have 
declared  in  council  to  them  that  if  they  do  not  remove  us  out  of  the  fort. 
that  they  will  cutt  off  all  communication  to  this  post ;  by  w  hich  means  all 
the  convoys  of  merchants  from  Montreal,  Labay,  St.  Joseph  &  the  upper 
posts  would  perish;  but  if  the  news  of  your  posts  being  attack'd  (which 
they  say  was  the  reason  they  took  up  the  hatchet  here)  be  false,  and  you 
can  send  up  a  strong  reinforcemenl  with  provisions,  etc.  accompany'd 
by  some  of  your  savages,  I  believe  the  post  might  be  re  established  again. 
Since  this  affair  happened,  two  cannoes  arrived  from  Montreal  which  put 


THK  OLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

,,.,.  ,,,  make  a  pi  I  e  Outawa  nation,  who  very  well 

,  anything  thai  can  be  done  for  them. 
I  have  been  very  mncb  obliged  to  Messrs.  Langlad  and  Parti,  the  inter- 
preter,  as  likewise  the  Jesuil  for  the  many  good  offices  they  have  done 
on;  the  priesl  seems  inclinable  to  go  down  to  your  post 
for  a  daj  or  two,  whirl,  1  am  very  glad  of,  as  he  is  a  very  pood  man  and 
has  n  great  deal  to  say  with  the  savages  hereabout,  who  will  believe 
thing  he  tells  them  on  his  return,  which  I  hope  will  be  soon. 
The  Outawas  say  they  will  take  Lieut.  Leslie,  me  and  the  eleven  men 
which  1  mentioned  before    was   in    their   hands,    up  to  their  village  & 
there  keep  us  till  they  hear  what  is  dune  at  your  post,  they  having  sent 
this  canoe  for  thai  purpose.     I  refer  you  to  the  priest  for  the  particulars 
of  this  melancholy  affair,  and  am, 

Dear  Sir,  Yours  very  sincerely, 

(  Signed  )        Geo.  Etherington. 
i.  .iv  hi  lommandanl  of  Detroit. 
P.  S.     The   Indians  that   are  lo  carry   the  priest    to  Detroit,  will  not 
undertake  to  land  him  at  the  fort,  but  at   some  of  the  Indian  villages 
near  it.  so  that  you  must  net  take  it  amiss  that  he  does  not  pay  you  the 
first  visit,  and  I  mice  mure  beg  thai  nothing  may  stop  your  sending  him 
back  tic   uex1  day  after  his  arrival,  if  possible,  as  we  shall  be  at  a  great 
or  the  want  ef  him.  and  I  make  no  doubt  that  you  will  do  all  in  your 
power  to  make  peace,  as  you  see  Hie  situation  we  are  in,  and  send  up  pro- 
\isions  as  seen  as  possible  ami  ammunition,  as  what  we  had  was  plun- 
dered  by  the  savages.     Adicw .     <;.  E. 

I    DECLARATION   MADE  TO    CfflSAK  COBMtCK   AND  THE  THEREIN   NAMED 
WITNESSES,    \l    DETROIT,   11  JUNE,  1761. 

We  undermentioned  -lames  Sterling,  merchant,  and  Samson  Fleming, 
deputy  commissary  of  this  place,  being  call'd  by  Caesar  Cormick,  also 
merchanl  here,  1><>  Certify  to  have  beared  the  intelligence  of  a  person 
we  contrast,  as  being  well  informed  by  said  person  hitherto,  of  all 
the  conspiracies  made  against  Bis Brittanick Majesty's  subjects  since  they 
came  to  Detroit  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  commanding  officer  particularly 
*'"""  the  pi. -m  siege.  The  said  person  has  declared  before  us,  that 
Miny  chain.  Jacque  Godfrey,  .^  Messrs.  Beauban,  Chavin  and  Labadee 
went  frein  here  the  l'Jth  or  L3tli  ultimo,  being  the  third  or  fourth  day  of 
the  siege,  publickly  as  1 1 ; i -y  pretended  for  an  officer  from  the  Illinois  to 
disperse  the  Nations,  and  in  ibis  way   they  met  John  Welch,  Merchant 

fr Miamis  in  the  Mouth  of   the    Miamis    River   with    two  Pettiagus 

l";"1"1  w>th  peltry  bound  for  this  Place:  The  said  five  Frenchmen 
ordered  n  band  of  Indians  who  were  with  them  to  hide  themselves  in  the 
" '  '  l">"  b.v-  u",m  U»ej  would  entice  the  English  ashore;  then  hailing 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  633 

them  to  come  and  smoke  a  pipe  and  pet  the  news,  they  came  ashore  and 
sate  down;  the  said  Frenchmen  then  seised  and  tole  them  they  were  their 
prisoners  and  calling  up  the  Indians  they  divided  the  prisoners  and 
peltry  betwixt  them,  then  the  said  Chain  &  Godfrey  detached  the  other 
three  companions  back  to  Detroit,  with  their  share  of  t lit*  booty,  &  Mr. 
Welch  prisoner;  who  came  and  lodged  the  same  in  the  House  of  the 
abovesaid  Miny  Chain  next  in  the  settlement  to  the  Potewatamis  Vil- 
lage, that  the  Outawas  Claiming  Mr.  Welch  seised,  and  murdered  him 
sine-;  and  that  the  said  (  Milawas  came  this  day  seised  and  carried  off  the 
said  peltry,  and  tole  them  that  the  French  had  no  business  with  any  plun- 
der, 'nit  that  it  belong'd  entirely  to  the  Indians.  The  said  Informer  like- 
wise declared  that  the  said  Chain  and  Godfrey  took  also  four  of  the  said 
Prisoners  along  with  them,  saying  that  they  would  take  them  to  the  Illi- 
nois and  make  soup  of  them  to  spirit  up  the  Indians  to  War  and  come 
against  the  English,  which  they  now  daily  expect  here.  And  that  the 
said  Chain  and  Godfrey  proceeding  with  the  same  Indians  to  Miamis, 
with  whom  they  acted  in  conjunction  to  destroy  that  garrison:  Then 
parted  for  Ouitanon  intending  to  act  the  same  barbarous  part  there; 
being  in  their  way  to  Illinois. 

We  then  questioned  the  said  Informer  if  we  could  depend  upon  the 
abovesaid  intelligence,  or  from  whence  they  were  derived.  Answered, 
that  Niniway  a  Potewatamis  Chief  sent  for  Isedore  Chain  brother  to  the 
saidMinyChain  theEvening  that  he  the  saidNiniway  arrived  with  Ensign 
Schlosser  Commanding  Officer  of  SI.  Josephs  and  acquainted  him  of 
what  his  brother  Miny  had  done  at  Miamis;  that  the  said  Isedore  in  tears 
replied  that  he  wished  to  Cod  his  Brother  might  die  in  thai  Place,  for  as 
soon  as  he  arrived  at  Detroit  he  would  be  hanged.  And  that  the  said 
Informer  declares  to  have  been  present  when  all  this  was  told  by  the  said 
Niniway  in  the  house  of  the  abovesaid  Minay  Chain. 

Signed,        C.ksai;  Cobmick. 

Witnesses, 

James  Sterling, 

Samuel  Fleming. 

intrusted  out  of  a  letter  from  lieut.  edward  jenkins,  u0mmand1v.  a] 

ouiatinon  to  major  henry  gladwin,  commandant  of  detroit, 

date  fort  ouiatinon,  29  july,  17h3. 

Sir:  Two  days  ago  the  Dearer  arrived  from  the  Illinois,  who  assures 
me  that  the  People  in  that  pail  of  the  World  are  for  a  quid  lite.  I  mean 
the  French;  but  he  says  the  Indians  wanted  the  Commanding  officer  to 
come  and  attack  these  Posts,  which  he  refused.  The  English  woman 
that  is  along  with  him,  told  me  that  the  Canadians  were  advising  the 
Indians  to  Murder  us  all  in  these  Posts,  but  that  they  would  not  be  seen 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

in  ii  themselves;  bnl  1  Bhall  say  do  more  of  it,  as  the  woman  will  acquaint 

yon  all  she  knows  aboul  It;  Sh<  heared  the  bearer  talk  of; 

indeed  I  wonld  have  examined  him,  bu1  the  woman  was  afraid,  as  she 

farther  with  him,  &you  are  in  a  mnch  better  place  for  it  than  I. 

.  >U    LIEUT.  EDWARD  JENKINS,  COMMANDING.  AT   ODIATINON 
DATED     •    MUCH.   1763,    rO   MA  JOB   HENRY  BALDWIN,   COMMANDING  AT   DETROIT. 

sir:  The  bearer  arrived  from  the  Posl  lasl  Sunday,  with  two  more 
tern  and  liis  wife.  They  have  no1  beard  yet  below  of  the  cessation 
of  Alius,  ami  I  am  acquainted  by  .Monsieur  La  Pond  that  we  have 
attacked,  or  al  leasl  blocked  up  some  Place  near  the  Mississippi;  indeed 
I  don'1  well  understand  him  as  he  has  an  odd  way  of  talking,  but  Capt. 
Campble  will  understand  him  better.  .Mr.  Crawford  acquainted  me  this 
morning  thai  the  Canadians  thai  arc  here  arc  eternally  telling  lies  to  the 
Indians,  and  tells  me  likewise  thai  tin1  Interpreter  and  one  La  Pointe 
told  the  Indians  a  few  days  ago  that  we  should  all  be  Prisoners  in  a  short 
time  (showing  them  when  the  corn  was  about  a  foot  high)  that  there  was 
i  Army  lo  come  from  the  Mississippi;  &  that  they  were  to  have  a 
greal  number  of  Indians  with  them,  therefor  advised  them  not  to  help 
us;  That  they  would  soon  take  Detroit  and  these  small  Posts,  and  that 
then  they  would  take  Quebec,  Montreal  &  Ca.  and  go  into  our  country. 
This  I  am  informed  they  tell  them  from  one  cud  of  the  .year  to  the  other, 
with  a  greal  deal  more  thai  I  cannol  remember.  I  am  convinced  that 
while  they  are  permitted  to  trade  here  that  the  Indians  here  never  will 
'"•  in  our  Interest,  for  although  our  Merchants  sells  them  a  stroud  for 
three  Beaver,  they  will  rather  give  six  to  a  French  man.  It  is  needless 
inquiring  into  the  affair  as  the  French  have  so  much  influence  over  them, 
thai  they  will  deny  whai  they  said,  for  the  oilier  day  I  had  the  Express 
before  me  lor  saying  we  should  all  be  lighting  by  and  by;  but  could 
make  nothing  of  ii  as  the  Indians  were  afraid  to  own  it  before  him,  altho 
the  Indians  thai  heared  them  talk  of  it  stood  to  it.  I  am, 
Yours,  &c, 

FBOM     RICHARD    WINSTON,  MERCHT  AT    ST     JOSEPH'S     TO 
Till-    in  ILI8H   MERCHANTS  AT   DETROIT.    DATED  ST.  JOSEPH,  19  JUNE.  1763.' 

'■'ii'leiiien:  I  address  myself  lo  you  all,  not  knowing  who  is  alive  or 
who  is  dead.  I  have  only  lo  inform  yon  that  by  the  Blessing  of  the 
Almighty,  \  the  help  of  Mr.  Louison  Chevalie  [escaped  being  killed 
when  this  unfortunate  Garrison  was  massacred.     Mr.  Hamback  and  me 

id  "'  "'   House  oi  the  si Ihevalie  for  four  days  and  nights;  Mr. 

Hamback  is  broughl  bj   the  Savages  to  the  Illinois,  likewise  Mr.  Chin 
unfortunate  ,„e  remains  here  Captive  with  the  Savages.     I  musl  say  thai 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  635 

I  meet  with  no  bad  usage,  however  1  would  that  I  was  with  some  Chris- 
tian or  other,  1  am  quite  naked.  &  Mr.  Castacrew  who  is  indebted  to  Mr. 
Cole,  would  not  give  me  an  inch  to  save  me  from  Death,  who  the  day 
before  the  massacre  here  to  pay  me  pari  of  said  Debt,  but  since  that 
denyd  in  the  presnce  of  Mr.  Chevalie,  thai  he  owed  me  anything,  untill 
I  produced  his  note,  he  then  said  his  note  was  no  order  to  pay  any  part 
of  said  debt  to  me,  I  am  informed  thai  Castacrew  lias  information  that 
Mr.  Cole  was  killed  on  his  way  from  Niagara;  I  have  nothing  to  say  con- 
cerning our  enemy  here  but  that  they  recommend  to  the  savages  at 
Detroit  to  quiet  their  firing  upon  the  Fort  at  Detroit,  that  as  the  Six- 
Nations  began  the  War  they  might  persist  in  it.  We  are  informed  that 
at  Miamis  Mr.  Holmes  and  part  of  his  Garrison  were  killed,  the  other 
part  carried  down  the  Wabash  to  joyu  the  Garrison  of  Ouitinon  and  car- 
ried all  to  the  Illinois;  At  Ouitinon  there  was  not  one  killed  but  all  taken 
Prisoners.     I  am,  &c. 

EXTRACT  OF  A  LETTER  FROM  EDMOND  MORAN,  MERCHANT  AT  FORT  EDWARD  AUGUS- 
TUS,  TO  MR.    JOSEPH    SPEAR    AND    COMPANY,    MERCHANTS, 
AT  DETROIT,  DATED  16  MAY,  1763. 

Sir:  The  Indians  would  do  very  well  hen' but  for  the  Canadians;  They 
spirit  them  up  to  everything  thats  bad  against  the  English.  I  am  sure 
that  it  will  never  be  worth  any  English  Traders  while  to  follow  this 
Trade  unless  the  French  are  prohibited  to  come  here. 

Yrs,  &c. 

EXTRACT  OF  A   LETTER  FROM   LIEUT.  EDWARD  JENKINS  TO  MAJOR  HENRY  GLADWIN 
COMMANDING  AT    DETROIT.  DATED  OUITINON,  1  JUNE,    176H. 

Sir:  I  have  beared  of  your  situation  which  gives  me  much  pain,  indeed 
we  are  not  a  great  deal  better,  for  this  morning  the  Indians  seal  for  me 
to  speak  with  me,  &  immediately  bound  me  when  I  got  to  their  cabbin.  & 
I  soon  found  some  of  my  soldiers  in  the  same  situation.  They  told  me 
Detroit, Miamis  and  all  these  Posts  were  cutt  off, and  thai  it  was  a  folly  to 
make  any  resistance,  therefor  desired  me  to  make  the  lew  soldiers  I  had 
in  the  Fort  surrender,  otherwise  they  would  put  all  of  us  to  death  in  ease 
one  man  of  theirs  was  killed.  They  were  to  have  fallen  on  us  and  killed 
us  all  last  Night,  but  Monsienrs  Maisonville  &  Lorrain,  gave  them  Wain 
pum  not  to  kill  us  all,  and  when  they  told  the  Interpreter  we  were  all  to 
be  killed  &  he  knowing  the  Canadians  of  the  Fori  beged  of  them  to  make 
us  Prisoners.  They  have  put  us  into  the  French  houses  and  both  Indians 
and  French  use  us  very  well.  Ml  these  Nations  say  they  are  very  sorry, 
that  they  were  obliged  to  do  it  by  the  other  Nations.  The  belt  did  not 
arrive  here  till  last  night  about  Fight  o'clock:  -Mr.  Lorrain  can  inform 
you  of  all.     Just  now  received  the  news  of  Si.  Joseph's  being  taken, 


cs 

l  have 

our,  £ 

s  on  thorn  that  deserve  it.     1 

&«■"..     N.  B.  ^  e  expect 

n  LN   TO 

E         lit. 

Reg  Ensign   Perry  of  the  Queen's  Rangers, 

-  uduskey  informs  the  Court 

rated  by  his  Sentry  at  the 

uted  to  speak  to  him.  upon 

.1  finding  them  to  be  some  of  his 

udly,  he  permitted  seven  of  them 

in  a  little  tobaceoe  to  smoak;  in  a  short  time  after 

.  which  he  s  .        ses  v    -  a  signal,  upon 

uoxt  him  seized  and  tied  him.  without  saying  a 

-  Room;  where  he  found  his  sentry  Dead 

si  of  the  Garrison  one  here  and  there  all  mas- 

■  led  by  Indians:  His  Sergeant  who  had  been 

_  garden  was  killed  there:  who  notwithstanding 

orders  that  in  ease  any  Indians  came  to  the  Fort. 

ely  come  in:   The  Merchants  were  all  killed 

ing  they  had  plundered;  from  whence  he  was  brought  to  the 

s     lace,  where  he  remained  prisoner  until  1  the  third 

made  his  escape  into  the  Fori.     The  Indians  that  he 

ir  Hurons.  and  three  Outawas  who  live  near 

signS        ss     who  commanded  at  Fort  St.  Josephs  informs 

lat  "U  the  :Joih  day  of  May  between  !»  &  LO  in  the  morning, 

quainted  that  tl  -       party  of   Detroit   Putawatamia 

ir  relations  there,  and  who  intended  to  come  and  wish 

w  minutes  after  a  Frenchman  came  and  told  him 

lians  come  with  an  ill  design, upon  which  he  run  to 

-     Hers  under  Anns,  and  upon  entering  found 

-    upon  which  he  ordered  his  Sergeant  touseall  his 

inder  anus:  while  he  assembled  the  French  and  imme- 

■  them,  who  were  already  assembled  at  his  room, 

and  in  twoorthn  .  entered  hehearda  cry  in  theBar- 

se  Indians  that  were  in  the  room  with  him  secured 

lV        •  without  seised  the  sentry  at  the  Gate,  and  rushed 


i 
i 

- 

- 

carry 

i 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS. 

D  BY  ORDEB  OF  MUUH  &LADWIN  TO   BNQUIEB 
nil  ROIT.JULK  10,  1763. 

I  [opkina,  President. 

■i    Douga  11  Ensign  Jos.  I.  Schlosser  of  60th  Regiment  Mem- 

_,,  . i, ,|IM  Christie    who    commanded    at    Presqu'isle  informs  the 
Court  thai  "ii  i In-  -i i  -in in-  ai  daybreak  in  the  morning  ho  found  that  Fort 
inded  l>.\  aboul  200  Indians  pari  of  tour  nations;  al  a  quarter  of  an 
In. in-  after  t  In  y  began   firing  upon   the   Blockhouse  and  continued  all 
smart  ;  they  likewise  shol  lire  arrows  into  the  roof  of  the 
i:|u.  Uh.iisi-  by  the  enemy  which  se1  it  several  times  on  fire.     The  Block- 
In.  use  was  situated  on  a  rising  groundj  &  could  be  approached  at  a  little 
distance  by  two  Hills,  one  ascending  from  the  Lake  Eastward,  the  other 
ding  from  the  bottom  or  Creek  Northward  from  these  two  places 
i In-  Indians  kepi  their  lire,  having  made  holes  in  the  earth  at  night  to 
■  s,  ii< >i  \\  ii  hstanding  which,  two  or  three  of  them  endeav- 
oring  to  gel  into  the  trench  were  killed,  which  made  them  abate  their 
lire  for  some  hours,  al  which  time  they  were  employed  digging  a  passage 
through  the  Earth  to  gel  at  the  body  of  the  House:  The  21st  they  com- 
menced  firing  as  hoi  as  ever  with  fuses  and  arrows,  which  set  the  house 
:   several  places;  the  same  Day  the  Barrels  of  Water  he 
had  pi  ["gencies  was  spent  in  extinguishing  the  afore- 

Baid  i:  ading  it  impossible  to  gel  a1  the  Well  that  was  sunk  in 

the  parade,  was  therefor  obliged  to  sink  one  in  the  House  by  very  hard 
i.  while  he  was  digging  the  well  the  House  was  set  again  on  lire, 
l. ui  gol  ii  extinguished  by  driving  down  the  shingles  from  the  roof:  At 
time  they  had  approached  through  the  Earth  as  far  as  the  Com- 
nianding  Officer's  room  on  the  Parade,  they  set  it  on  fire  and  communi- 
i  to  the  Fasines  around  the  Port;  he  continued  firing  'till  mid- 
night,  when  one  of  them  who  spoke  French  called  up  to  him  that  it  was 
in  vain  for  him  to  pretend  to  hold  out,  for  they  could  set  lire  to  the  Block- 
when  ilny  pleased,  &  if  In-  would  not  surrender  they  would  burn 
and  torture  every  man  thai  In-  had;  In-  finding  that  they  had  made  the 
approaches  aforesaid,  thai  thej   could  set   the  house  on  tire  above  and 
in-low.  ii,,-  men  being  fatigued  to  the  greatest  extremity,  &  not  able  to 
extinguish  Buch  a  tin-  and  resisl  the  enemy's  numbers;  lie  asked  them  in 
English  if  there  was  any  man  amongsl   them  that  understood  that  Ian- 
ln\  -aid  1 1,,-re  w;is  an  Englishman  now  fighting  against  him  who 
en  their  Prisoner  seven  years.     Tiny  then  desired  him  to  leave  off 
.v  In-  should  speak  win,  him.  accordingly  they  told  him  that  they 
'"  llm""  Vlli""  :l1  Detroil  thai  had  been  compelled  to  take  up 
'    roil  bj  tin-  Outawas,  thai  there  was  part  of  the  other 
nations  there  with  them,  thai  they  only  wanted  the  house  &  that  they 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS,  639 

would  have.  They  told  him  he  mighl  have  liberty  to  go  with  his  Gar- 
rison where  lie  pleased.  He  (hen  desired  them  to  leave  off  their  firing 
and  he  would  give  them  an  answer  in  the  morning,  early:  That  seeing 
the  vessel  during  the  attack  hovering  aboul  unable  to  assisl  him  >V  con- 
sidering the  situation  he  was  in,  &  the  impossibility  of  holding  out  any 
longer.  He  sent  out  two  soldiers  as  if  to  treat  with  them  that  they  might 
find  out  their  disposition  &  how  they  had  made  their  approaches,  who  were 
to  give  him  a  signal  if  they  found  what  he  imagined  to  he  true,  thai  find- 
ing what  he  imagined  to  he  so  he  then  inarched  mil  with  the  Garrison  in 
order  to  save  them  having  their  promise  of  liberty  to  go  to  Fort  Tin.  or 
where  they  pleased,  but  were  no  sooner  out  t  han  seised,  bound  &  he  with 
four  soldiers  and  a  woman  carried  to  the  Huron  Village,  where  they  were 
kept  Prisoners  untill  the  9th  instant  that  he,  the  woman  and  one  soldier 
were  delivered  up.  That  Shelbarger  the  said  Soldier  of  Capt.  Hopkins 
Company  of  the  Queen's  Rangers  being  examined  by  the  Court  declares 
the  same  in  every  particular. 

JOS.    EOPKINS. 

EXTRACT  OF  A  LETTER  FROM  CAPT.  GEORGE  ETHERINGTON  TO  MA.IOK  HENRY  GLADWIN 
COMMANDING  AT  DETROIT,  DATEl)  MICHILAMACKINAO  18  JULY,  1763. 

Dear  Sir:  The  Expiess  which  I  seat  ell'  to  Lieut.  Gorrell  at  Labay 
arrived  very  luckily  one  day  before  that  Post  was  to  have  been  cutt  off. 
The  Savages  of  that  Tost  came  down  the  Indian  Village  where  F  was 
Prisoner.  &  brought  with  them  Lieut.  Gorrell  and  all  his  Garrison,  and 
they  with  Mr.  Lesley,  me  and  fourteen  men  thai  remained  of  the  Garri 
son  of  this  Place,  are  jusl  embarking  for  Montreal  under  a  guard  of  sixty 
savages  of  the  Outawa  Nation. 

I  have  a  thousand  things  to  tell  you  but  T  cannot  trust  them  by  this  con- 
veyance, 1  have  heard  nothing  of  the  four  men  thai  I  senl  last  Maj 
Josephs,  there  is  two  of  my  men  yel  with  the  Chippewas.  1  have  pre- 
vailed with  the  savages  to  permit  all  the  English  merchants  to  carry  all 
the  goods  to  .Montreal  under  the  convoy,  1  have  been  at  a  very  greal 
expense  here  but  it  was  all  unavoidable.  1  don't  despair  of  seeing  you 
this  Fall  at   Detroit  &  am,  in  the  meantime  Dear  Sir-.  Yours  Sincerely, 

George  Etherington. 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  A  COURT  OF  ENQUIRY    HELD  BY    ORDER  OK    MAJOR    HENRY   OLID 
WIN.  COMMANDING   AT   DETROIT,  9TH  AUGUST,  17«3. 

Captain  Hopkins,  President. 

Lieut.  Williams,  17th  Regt,  Ensigns  Anderson.  55th  Regt,  Members. 

Mr.  Rutherford  being  sworn  informs  the  Court,  that  the  Night  before 
Capt.  Campble  was  put  to  Death.  He  was  sleeping  at  Monsieur  St. 
Remands  house  (who  was  always  very  civil  to  him)  .v  in  the  middle  ot  the 
night  he  was  awakened  by  Francois  Maloshe  &  two  others  whose  names 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

he  knows  not.     They  took  him  in  a  Closet  in  said  House  produced  him 

1  letters  which  had  been  senl  from  the  Fori  to  Cap.  Campble  & 

obliged  bim  to  read  them  in  order  (as  they  said)  to  know  whether  Peace 

■  iade  with  France  or  not;  among  the  above  mentioned  letters  this 
Di  ponant  found  one  from  Lieut.  M<  Donald  which  mentioned  that  Peace. 
was  declared  in  the  Fori  and  read  said  letter  to  them;  upon  which 
thai  peace  was  declared  in  the  Fort;  But  they 
believed  do  where  else  Several  of  the  above  mentioned  letters  were 
Bealed  w  hen  they  were  delivered  to  this  Deponanl  and  others  open,  which 
Meloshe  said  w ere  given  to  bim  by  Cap.  Campble  to  be  taken  care  of. 
I'pon  the  Death  of  Campble  (the  day  following)  this  Deponant  was  sent 
for  to  explain  (in  full  Council  of  French  and  Indians)  the  aforesaid  let- 
He  remembers  the  following  persons  thai  were  in  the  Council,  viz., 
I'.aiist  Campeau,  Francois  Meloshe,  Batisl  Meloshe,  Sancho  P.  Obain, 
f.'tiiisuii  Denter  Indian  Interpreter,  Monsieurs  Domelte,  Pero  Barth, 
likewise  many  others  he  does  not  know;  Those  above  mentioned  were 
very  eager  to  find  out  anything  to  tell  the  Indians  that  they  mi<iht  not 
believe  thai  Peace  was  made  with  France.  This  Deponant  further  saith 
that  Pero  Barth  told  him  that  he  did  not  believe  that  there  was  Peace; 
Bui  that  .Major  Gladwin  had  made  the  Declaration  himself  to  pacify  the 
Indians.  Francis  Meloshe  in  the  above  mentioned  Councill,  upon  read- 
ing the  taws  of  Dr.  Cuyless  being  attacked,  said  aloud  let  no  man  speak 
hi.  they  ate  Dogs.  Monsieur  Denter  has  often  told  this  Deponant 
that  he  would  make  his  i  scape  to  the  Indians,  for  fear  the  Major  would 
hang  him.  Pero  Barth  has  told  him  the  same.  D  was  generally  said 
among  them  thai  if  any  of  the  French  were  hanged,  it  would  be  those 
that  broughl  Capt.  Campble  out  of  the  Fori.  This  Deponant  was  used 
very  illy  by  Monsr.  La  Tiard  (al  whose  bouse  this  Deponant's  Indian 
master  had  planted  corn  &  his  rabbin  always  there  &  was  treated  very 
we||  by  P.  I.a  Tiard)  After  Lieut.  McDougall  had  made  his  escape.  Mr. 
Coulliere  told  this  Deponant,  that  it  was  a  pity  he  was  saved,  as  the 
French  would  likely  suffer  thereby.  Farther  this  Deponant  saith  not. 
I '.t  toil  6  Aug.  L7C3. 

.'it  l'oulett  says  the  nighl  before  Capt.  Campble  was  killed  he  was 

ng  '"  Hi'-  same  room  with  Mr.  Rutherford  when  Francis  Maloshe 

awakened  him  ami  took  Rutherford  into  another  Room  where  he  heard 

oraetime  whispering  and  rustling  of  papers.     In  the  morning  he 

wanted  i,,  know  what  the  French  had  told  him;  But  Rutherford  told  him 

Hey  ha<l  absolutely  forbid  him  to  mention  it  to  him;  Put  on  his  promis- 

be  told  him  the  same  as  he  has  upon  oath  declared  to  the 

<  'ourt. 

Lieut.  McDougall  being  sworn  informs  the  Courl  that  the  Day  he  and 
'"'I'1-  Campble  left  the  Fori  to  treal  with  the  Indians  for  a  Peace,  they 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  641 

met  with  them  at  Monsieur  Cuelleries  House  where  they  saw  the  Indians 
and  French  assembled  in  the  largest  room.  .Monsieur  Cuilliere  seated 
in  the  middle  with  a  laced  hal  and  coat  on,  in  which  manner  this  Depo- 
nant had  never  seen  him  before,  he  kepi  his  seat  &  his  hal  on  when  ('apt. 
Campble  entered  &  continued  covered  during  the  Congress:  The  Indiana 
had  just  finished  eating  some  bread  which  said  Cullierie  had  given  them 
and  on  his  giving  them  bread  a  second  time,  he  again  look  pari  of  one  of 
the  Pieces  and  eat  himself,  the  Indians  Demanded  the  reason,  to  which 
he  answered  that  it  was  to  assure  them,  he  gave  them  nothing  thai  was 
poisoned:  This  ("apt.  Campble  and  another  person  (who  he  does  not 
remember)  interpreted  to  this  Deponant.  After  some  time  Pondiac  the 
Chief  of  the  Indians  addressed  himself  to  the  beforementioned  Cuillierie 
telling  him  that  he  looked  upon  him  as  his  Father  come  to  life  &  as  (he 
Commandant  of  Detroit  until]  the  arrival  of  his  Brother  Monsieur 
Billeta;  at  which  speech  the  said  Cuilliere  seemed  much  pleased;  Then 
Pondiac  turning  addressed  himself  to  Cap.  Campble  &  this  Deponant  & 
told  them  that  if  they  made  a  Peace  it  must  he  on  the  same  terms  that 
his  Father  Monsieur  Billeta  had  made.  viz..  to  lav  down  their  Arms  and 
he  escorted  by  a  number  of  Savages,  that  he  would  appoint  tor  thai  pur- 
pose to  the  first  Inhabitants;  hut  he  would  not  allow  them  to  take  either 
arms  or  baggage  along:  On  which  the  aforesaid  Cuilliere  turned  to  this 
Deponant,  took  him  by  the  hand  and  said  my  Friend  this  is  my  work 
(meaning  the  offered  Terms).  I  thought  they  would  have  been  much 
harder.  Some  Days  after  this  Deponant  and  Capt.  Campble  were  talk- 
ing to  said  Cuillierie,  &  heard  him  say  to  Capt.  Campble  that  he  was  only 
sorry  for  him  and  Mr.  Sterling,  the  Day  the  Indians  met  in  Council  to 
assassinate  the  Garrison.  Some  time  after  when  the  Vessel  went  lirst 
from  Detroit  for  Niagara  Pondiac  detached  five  canoes  with  Indians  to 
attack  her  in  one  of  which  a  Potawatamie  was  killed,  on  which  the  others 
run  off.  The  Day  after  Monsieur  Cuillerie  was  in  the  Room  with  Cap. 
Campball  this  Deponant,  Pondiac  and  his  Chiefs.  And  on  Pondiac's 
acquainting  said  Cuillerie  what  he  had  done  &  wha1  had  happened.  Cuil- 
lerie answered  in  a  deriding  manner;  what  was  the  us,'  of  live  canoes, 
why  not  thirty-five  canoes.  This  Capt.  Campble  interpreted  to  this 
Deponant.  This  Deponant  further  saith  that  the  Son  of  Cuillerie  was 
employed  carrying  messages  to  and  from  Pondiac,  giving  information 
against  the  few  French  who  assistaed  the  Fort  with  provisions,  and  pre- 
judicing them  against  listening  to  the  account  of  Peace.  This  Deponant 
says  further  that  Young  Cuillerie  was  one  of  the  Party  who  when  Pon- 
diac in  Council  proposed  to  the  French  to  take  up  arms  against  the  Fort, 
that  accepted  the  Pelt  and  answered  he  eat  the  same  bread  &  drank  out 
of  the  same  cup,  &  would  lire  out  of  the  same  gun.  This  Deponanl  says 
before  and  after  the  orders  which  Major  Clad  win  gave  forbidding  all 
81 


QLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

kind  of  communication  with  the  Savages,  Francis  Meloshe  continued  a 
ni  and  open  trade  with  th(  selling  them  daily  broad  and 

Is;  but  was  kind  to    him    during    his    captivity.     Further   this 

I».-| ant   saitli   : 

Mr.  Chapman  Abraham  being  sworn  informs  the  Court,  that  in  coming 
up  Detroil  River,  having  put  on  sluuv  at  the  place  of  Monsieur  St.  Lewis, 
he  acquainted  this  Deponanl  that  the  Fort  was  besieged  by  the  Indians 
on,  Sir  Roberl  Daviss  and  a  greal  many  more  English 
were  killed,  &  thai  thev  intended  to  kill  all  the  English  that  would  come 
up  Detroit  River.  This  Deponant  immediately  told  his  men  to  go  back 
with  him;  bul  the  before  mentioned  soldiers  told  his  men  if  they  returned 
that  would  be  all  killed,  as  the  Indians  were  round  the  whole  Lake  and 
;ii  Niagara,  upon  which  they  absolutely  refused  to  return  with  him.     In 

luence  of  which  this  Deponant  put  all  his  poods  in  said  St.  Lewis's 
who  told  him  he  could  d<>  his  best  to  save  them  from  the  Indians; 
Then  i  his  Deponanl  asked  him  where  he  sin  mid  go  to  hide  himself  to  save 
his  life,  lie  and  .Madam  Esperame  (who  was  present)  answered  him  he 
should  go  to  her  home  A:  hide  himself  in  her  cellar;  where  he  continued 
about  ten  minutes  and  then  was  told  by  said  Madam  Esperame  to  go  out 
of  the  house;  which  he  obeyed  and  in  going  out  she  perceived  his  watch 
chain  &  told  him  to  give  it  to  her  that  she  was  certain  the  Indians 
would  kill  him ;  upon  which  this  Deponant  told  her  he  would  make  her  a 
present  of  it,  if  she  would  let  him  stay  in  the  cellar  to  save  him  from  the 
Indians,     she  answered  he  should  stay   no  longer  in  the  House;  upon 

which  he  endeavored  to  pain  the  w Is;  she  followed  him,  demanding 

the  watch  a  second  time,  which  I  again  refused.  By  this  time  the 
Indians  discovered  him,  took  him  prisoner  and  carried  him  to  St.  Lewis's 
house,  where  he  found  some  of  his  goods  were  put  in  his  canoe.  This 
Deponanl  says  further  that  one  ivio  Barth  told  him  that  Major  Gladwin 
was  the  occasion  of  this  Indian  War;  That  if  Capt.  Campble  had  com- 
manded this  would  not  have  happened;  That  the  aforesaid  Major  would 
not  give  the  Indians  presents  nor  suffer  their  puns  to  be  mended  us  Capt. 
Campble  did;  This  Deponanl  replied  that  perhaps  it  was  the  General's 
orders  nol  to  do  so,  upon  which  he  immediately  said  that  the  General  did 
not  order  the  Major  to  call  them  Hops.  Hops  &  bid  them  go  out  of  his 
l""lM-  This  Deponanl  one  Day  saw  Batist  Devuiere  and  a  great  many 
other  Frenchmen  going  to  a  <  'ouncil  with  the  Indians,  he  asked  some  of 

■■'•hat   was  the    matter    they    would    not   tell  him  anything.     This 

lily   seen    some   of   the    Frenchmen    trading    with  the 

Indians  giving  them    bread,    tobacco   and    fish    for  English  Merchants 

,; N  ",:"   """  Prisoners.     That    Piero  &  Hyacinth 

Reaume  have  traded  with  the  Indians  for  his  effects  some  of  which  he 

en  worn  I,.n  said  Hyacinth's  Daughters  since  his  arrival  in  the  Fort. 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCKIPTS.  643 

That  Piero  LaBute  told  him  lie  bouglil  of  his  effects.  That  Madam  La 
Jenness  being  indebted  to  Monsieur  Labadie  &  knowing  him  to  owe  this 
Deponant  upward  of  twelve  hundred  louis,  asked  him  if  he  had  occasion 
for  a  quarter  of  veal  &  she  would  send  it  to  him  &  discount  it.  which 
was  proposed  to  said  Labadie,  who  absolutely  refused  it.  This  Depo- 
nant says  further  that  Batist  Devuiriere  had  boughl  of  his  effects. 

Monsieur  La  Bute  Indian  Interpreter  for  the  Patawatamies  &  <  (utawas 
being  sworn,  informs  the  Court  that  the  Day  Cap.  Campble  and  Lieut. 
McDougall  met  the  Indians  at  Cuilleries  house,  that  he  was  habited  as 
Lieut.  McDougall  has  informed  the  Court  &  that  he  kepi  his  hat  on  dur- 
ing the  Council,  and  that  the  purport  of  Pondiac's  tirst  speech  was  to 
inform  the  French  and  Indians  that  he  turned  out  the  Commandant 
(meaning  Major  Gladwin)  and  desired  them  to  look  upon  and  regard  Mon- 
sieur Cuillierie  as  their  Father  and  Commander,  after  which  the  said 
Cuillierie  regaled  Pondiac  and  the  other  Savages  with  three  or  four 
Flaggons  of  wine  and  pieces  of  bread.  This  Deponant  further  affirms 
what  Lieut.  McDougall  has  informed  the  Court  of  iu  regard  to  not  poison- 
ing the  bread;  The  Day  following  the  said  Cuillierie  inquired  how  ('apt. 
Campble  aud  Lt.  McDougall  did,  they  answered  very  well;  But  his  Depo- 
nant answered  very  ill,  for  that  the  Indians  had  stripped  them  of  every- 
thing &  during  the  whole  night,  is  that  all,  says  Cuillierie,  thej  are  well 
off.  I  thought  the  Savages  would  have  done  much  more.  This  Depo- 
nant further  says  that  an  Out;  wa  savage  told  him,  that  the  aforesaid 
Cuillierie,  spoke  to  Pondiac,  the  Indian  Chief,  in  this  manner,  have  you 
sent  three  or  four  canoes  to  attack  the  Vessel,  it  would  have  been  Inner 
to  have  sent  forty.  He  also  says  that  the  son  of  the  above  <  luillierie  was 
continually  employed  in  giving  and  carrying  intelligence  to  and  from 
Pondiac.  &  that  he  (this  Deponant)  in  Council,  when  Pondiac  was  alleg- 
ing things  against  the  said  it  was  not  true,  on  which  Pontiac 
without  hesitation  answered  then  he  is  pointing  to  Cuillierie's  son,  who 

answered,  yes  I  did  tell  it      This  Deponant  adds  thai   the  Day  1' liac 

had  assembled  the  old  and  young  men  of  the  settlement  together,  he 
demanded  of  them  to  assist  in  digging  trenches  against  the  fori.  Cuil- 
lieries  son  with  the  other  young  men  desired  the  old  men  to  answer  first 
and  they  would  afterwards.  The  answer  was  delivered  by  Monsieur 
Mayerin  Spokesman  for  the  young  men,  to  this  effect,  we  will  not  only 
take  Spades  but  it  is  also  our  desire  to  take  up  Arms. 


Till'.   OLADWDJ    MANUSCRIPTS. 

[E    ILLINOIS   in    THE   INDIANS   AT   DETROIT,  BY  THE 
I  01  BIER  G0DFRE1    &   c  I1KNK. 

tccompatiied  with  a  large  Belt. 

I.ist.-n  jo  Frencb  our  Bretheren  who  are  Prisoners  as  well  as  we.     It  is 
vexing  thai  the  English  whom  we  were  willing  to  adopt  as  Bretheren, 

si Ill  deceive  so  many  nations.     All  thai  the  Delawares  and  Shawany's 

told  us  is  now  come  to  pass.  Tiny  told  us  lo  lie  diffident  to  the  English, 
they  only  seek  to  deceive  you  &  so  ii  happeneth.  Without  the  assistance 
of  tin-  French  Merchants  who  give  us  on  (rust  some  trifles  we  had 
received  to  buy  whal  we  stood  in  need  of  in  the  Fall  we  were  undone 

sine if  Father,  Mr.  Billetre  went  away;  we  have  no  news,  none  but  the 

English  receive  letters.  Is  it  possible  thai  our  Father  writeth  not?  No 
Frenchman  receiveth  letters.  This  is  to  let  our  Father  at  the  Illinois 
know  our  situation  and  request  of  him  to  inform  us  what  is  going  on, 
that  we  may  know  if  we  are  abandoned.  The  English  tell  us  incessantly 
What  ye  Indians  dare  ye  speak,  see  what  we  have  done;  We  have  your 
Father  ami  the  Spaniards;  We  are  masters  of  these  lands  and  of  all 
which  belonged  to  your  Father,  for  we  have  beal  him  &  we  possess  all 
these  countrys  even  to  the  Illinois  except  a  small  spot  which  is  but 
trifling.  Tin-  Delawares  told  us  this  Spring,  that  the  English  sought  to 
of  all,  and  «  null]  i mi t  us  to  Death,  they  told  us  also  "Our 
Bretheren  let  us  Die  together,  seeing  the  Design  of  the  English  is  to  cutt 
we  are  Dead  one  way  or  another.  When  we  saw  this,  we  decided 
all  i  In-  Nations  who  are  thy  Children,  to  range  themselves  here  at  Detroit 
which  they  have  done.     We  pray  our  Father  at  the  Illinois  to  hasten  to 

come  t •  succour,  that  he  may  have  pity  on  us,  notwithstanding  that 

tin'  English  tell  us  constantly  "From  whom  will  ye  get  what  ye  stand  in 
mid  of?  When  our  Father.  .Mr.  Belletre  was  going  off  from  hence  he 
told  us  "My  Children  the  English  to  Day  overthrow  Your  Father;  as 
a  they  have  the  upper  hand  ye  will  not  have  what  ye  stand  in  need 
of;  hut  this  will  not  last."  We  pray  our  Father  at  Die  Illinois  to  take 
pity  on  us  ami  say  ■•Tins,-  p,,or  children  who  are  willing  to  raise  me  up. 
Why  do  we  that  which  we  are  doing  to  day?  It  is  because  we  are  unwill- 
ing that  tho  English  should  p  5e  lands,  this  is  what  causeth  thy 
Children  to  rise  and  strike  everywhere. 

Wo  pray  th.e,  our  Father,  send  us  an  answer  speedily,  by  these  Cour- 

■  II  us  thy  thoughl  &  thy  will;    We  will  put  in  thy  hands  him  who 

''■"»'  uence;  there  will  he  no  hurt  done  unto  him,  we  will  say 

""'  ""•*■  '"• '"■'•'-  '"•  is-     N  o  beg  of  thee,  also,  our  Father  to  treat 

kindly  our  Couriers.  We  are  the  cause  of  the  fatigue  which  they  are 
going  to  un.]. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  H45 

Speech  of  the  Chippewas,  accompanied  with  a  small  Belt. 

We  approve  of  the  Outawas  Speech  &  have  not  forgotteD  our  Father. 
We  call  to  mind  what  our  Ancestors  told  us.  That  it'  our  Father  was 
overthrown  our  lands  would  be  taken  from  us.  We  knew  the  intention 
of  these  people  that  crawl  over  our  lands;  this  is  what  engages  us  to  do 
what  we  do.  We  still  keep  hold  of  our  Tat  hers  hands,  and  do  what  Ijeth 
in  our  power  to  draw  it  unto  us.  if  we  possess  it  we  shall  never  let  it  go. 


COPY  OF  A  LETTER  SENT  BY  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  DETROIT,  DIRECTED   TO  THE 
GENTLEMEN  COMMANDANTS  AT  THE  ILLINOIS. 

Gentlemen:  We  are  obliged  to  submit  to  what  the  Indians  exact  from 
us;  The  English  are  blocked  up,  and  all  the  passages  are  shut  up;  We 
cannot  express  to  you  the  our  perplexity.  It  would  be  necessary,  in 
order  to  judge  of  the  calamaties  which  threaten  us  and  which  appear  to 
us  inevitable,  that  you  saw  with  your  own  eyes  what  is  going  on  here. 
God  alone  can  prevent  our  becoming  the  victims  of  the  English  and 
Savages.  These  Couriers  bear  to  you  the  talks  of  the  Nations  here;  We 
look  upon  it  as  a  happiness  to  have  it  in  our  power  to  acquaint  you  of 
our  deplorable  situation.  We  certainly  never  have  contributed  therein 
by  our  conduct;  The  English  on  their  part  never  gave  us  occasion. 
Instruct  us  what  we  can  do;  We  look  upon  you  as  Protectors  and  Media 
tors  who  would  be  willing  to  employ  themselves  efficaciously  to  pacify 
two  contending  partys  who  threaten  us  with  an  unexemplarj  Desolation. 


A  COURT  OF  INQUIRY  HELD  BY  ORDER  OF  MAJOR  HENRY  GLADWIN,  COMMANDANT  OF 
DETROIT,  S  SEPTEMBER,  1763. 

Capt.  James  Grant,  50th  Regt,  President. 

Lieut.  James  P.ain,  Queens  Independence,  Ensign  Robert  Anderson, 
55th  Regt  Members. 

Andreas Trueax  an  Inhabitant  of  Schenectady  being  examined; declares 
that  sometime  after  he  had  been  taken  Prisoner  by  the  Indians  and  car- 
ried to  their  Camp,  he  met  with  a  Frenchman  at  the  house  of  one  Rofci- 
uate,  to  whom  he  told  in  course  of  conversation,  &  in  the  Indian  tongue 
that  he  was  glad  to  hear  of  the  Indians  that  they  said  it  was  peace,  & 
that  he  Trueax  had  told  them  it  was  so,  upon  which  the  Frenchman 
answered  in  a  very  angry  tone  that  it  was  not  so,  that  there  was  war  at 
the  Illinois,  at  Quebec  and  everywhere,  pointing  with  his  arm  stretched 
to  all  parts, and  that  there  was  also  aFrench  fleet  at  Quebec;  The  French- 
man's name  he  does  not  know,  but  he  is  a  short  thick  squatt  fellow,  a  sil 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

ith  (he  him.-.li  Baid)  by  trade.     Thai  afterwards  he  Trueax  had 
I  thai  aboul  the  beginning  of  the  troubles  a1  Detroit,  this  French- 
man |,ad  deserted  the  Fort   where  be  formerly  lived  and  is  certain  he 

returned  thither  whilsl  be  was  a  prisoner.     Mr.  Trueax  further 

;,;ii  he  had  told  the  above  Mr.  Fisher,  his  fellow  prisoner,  who  he 

I      nchman's  name. 

Mr.  Fisher  who  was  a  Prisoner  with  the  Indians  aclcnowledges  to  have 

tin-  above  Declaration  told  him  by  Mr.  Trueax,  &  says  the  Frenchman's 

name  is  Barl  and  was  a  silver  and  gun  smith  in  the  Fort.     The  above  Mr. 

declares  thai  a  day  or  two  after  be  had  been  brought  to  the  Indian 
Camp,  he  saw  the  above  mentioned  Barl  the  Frenchman  in  the  Indian 
Cabbin  he  was  broughl  to  &  on  his  telling  the  English  that  it  was  cer- 
tainly Peace  between  the  English  and  the  French,  1  his  same  Bart  made 
answer,  directing  his  discourse  in  answering  contemptuous  tone  to  the 
Indians  saying  it  was  a  Lye,  thai  it  would  no1  be  Peace,  why  should  it  be 
Booner  in  Albany  than  a1  the  Mississippi,  that  he  Mr.  Fisher  told  it  was 
certainly  Peace,  and  related  to  him  as  far  of  the  Articles  of  Peace  as  he 
could  then  recoiled  :  bul  Bart  still  insisted  that  it  could  not  be,  and  that 
everything  he  Mr.  Fisher  had  said  to  convince  the  Indians  was  false. 
The  Indians  then  asked  of  Bart  whether  he  had  left  the  Fort  or  not,  to 
which  be  answered  laughing,  left  the  Fort,  I  haw  left  it  long  ago.  Mr. 
i  further  declares  thai  sometime  after,  the  sloop  was  seen  under 
sail  up  the  River,  thai  he  saw  the  same  Barl  upon  the  top  of  a  house,  who 
upon  Ins  observing  the  sloop  steering  towards  the  Indian  Camp  he 
beared  him  call  to  the  Indians,  down  with  your  Hutts,  down  with  your 
Huns  Bend  off  your  squaws  and  children  to  the  woods.  Mr.  Fisher  also 
declares  thai  the  morning  Capt.  Dalyell  had  gone  with  his  party,  the 
squaws  in  his  hutt  told  him,  thai  Barl  was  through  their  Camp  with  his 
■  thai  he  heared  him  calling  out,  go  to  the  woods,  knowing  his  voice 
perfectly  well.  Mr.  Fisher  says  further  the  same  day  he  went  with  his 
Indian  Father  up  to  Cross  Point,  who  invited  him  in  to  do  his  Commands 
and  gel  Bome  victuals,  thai  they  went  to  the  house  of  a  Frenchman  whose 
name  he  does  uol  Know,  but  that  he  is  a  little  squatt  man  with  black 
curled  hair  &  squints  a  little,  with  whom  the  Indian  had  some  talk,  he 
couldnol  well  hear  as  they  spoke  low.  hut  on  their  coming  away  he  heared 
the  Frenchman  above  described  say  to  the  Indian,  taking  him  at  the 

time  by  the  hand,  Brother  do  your  best  againts  the  Fort,  which  he 

stly  repeated,  to  which  the  Indian  replyed  in  their  manner,  yes.  Mr. 

fisher  fun  her  says  thai   when  the  Indians  were  making  a  Eaft  to  sett 

the  Vessels  on  lire,  he  .old  them  mat  it  was  to  no  purpose  that  the  En- 

l.sh  WOUld  haul  then,  oil  before  they  reached  the  vessel,  that  then  a  well 

d  ploasanl  looking  Frenchman  &  tall  came  up  to  him  and  said  in 

'  <■  01  the  Indians  in  their  own  language,  that  if  there  was  ten  well 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS.  647 

tied  together,  with  ropes,  they  would  do,  gel  across  the  vessel  and  cer- 
tainly set  her  on  fire,  and  at  the  same  time  directing  the  Indians,  showing 
them  how  the  Outawas  made  their  rafts;  which  were  then  finished  a 
little  lower  down:  and  waiting  for  the  Chippewas,  sending  down  theirs. 
This  Frenchman  Mr.  Fisher  says  lives  on  the  other  side  of  the  Creek  in 
which  the  Outawas  made  (heir  rafts,  and  is  said  by  Isaac  Trueax  and 
Gerrit  Teller  to  be  one  Miloss.  Mr.  Fisher  further  says  that  soon  after 
the  attack  of  Capt.  Dalyell  he  was  with  his  Indian  Father  at  the  Bouse 
of  one  Cardinal,  the  son  of  the  old  Cardinal.  &  beared  him  tell  his  Father 
and  many  other  Indians  with  a  tone  full  of  ectasy  &  joy  that  the  English 
had  in  that  affair  many  killed  and  wounded,  that  they  were  lying  here 
and  there  Dead  in  the  Fields  and  that  a  Woman  who  had  been  in  the 
Fort,  of  whom  the  Major  had  asked  news  regarding  that  affair,  told  him; 
she  said  there  was  but  few  Indians,  that  the  Cardinal  said  to  the  Indians. 
that  was  true,  for  had  you  been  all  there  few  of  them  would  escape,  tell- 
ing them  at  the  same  time  that  the  Major  had  said  that  he  would  whip 
them  all  like  beasts  out  of  the  ground  with  a  horse  whip.  At  which 
expression  the  Indians  laughed  very  much,  as  if  disdaining  all  threats. 

Mr.  Fisher  further  says  that  he  was  one  day  with  his  Indian  father  in 
a  Frenchman's  house,  where  there  had  been  several  Indians  and  one 
Gabriel  a  Frenchman,  who  lives  where  the  Outawas  encamped  the  time 
Capt.  Dalyell  made  his  attack,  that  he  heard  the  said  Gabriel  &  the 
Indians  talk  about  having  sent  to  the  Fort  for  pipes.  &  the  Indians  toll- 
ing him  Gabriel  that  the  Commanding  officer  had  sent  them  word  he 
knew  not  of  their  pipes,  nor  had  he  any,  upon  which  this  Gabriel  got  up 
and  gave  the  Indian  hoop  or  holloe,  saying  he  was  a  man.  &  that  he  never 
threw  away  or  lost  a  pipe,  the  Indians  then  answering  the  hoop,  he 
Gabriel  went  out. 

Andreas  Trueax  and  Mr.  Fisher  both  say  that  the  same  Gabriel  had 
told  them,  that  when  the  French  and  Indians  had  spoke  at  any  time  to 
the  Major,  he  called  them  Hogs  and  other  names,  telling  them  to  gett 
along  and  go  about  their  business  &  would  not  hear  them.  Mr.  Fisher 
further  declares  that  one  Tom,  a  servant  of  Mr.  Knaggs's,  who  was 
prisoner  at  the  same  lime  told  him.  Mr.  Andreas  and  Mr.  Isaac  Trueax, 
that  one  evening  Mr.  John  Seeger,  a  partner  of  Mr.  Knaggs's  had  go1 
Wabacumaga  the  Indian  Chief  of  the  Messisagar  Nation  with  him  at 
Toronto  and  that  Mr.  Seeger  who  is  now  Prisoner  told  him  at  that  time. 
Wabacumaga  told  him  Seeger  that  St.  Luke  LeOorn  had  sent  him  a 
large  belt  to  make  war  upon  the  English,  which  belt  he  kicked  from  him 
saying  he  would  have  nothing  lo  do  with  it,  that  he  would  not  tight 
against  the  English,  for  they  were  Masters  of  all,  &  that  the  above  Chief 
had  told  Seeger  who  spoke  the  language  well  not  to  be  afraid,  that  he  or 
his  partner  should  not  be  hurt,  whilst  he  was  about  here.     They  do  not 


648  THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

the  time  the  bell  was  sent,  bul  Knaggsand  Seeger  were  at  Toronto 
from  the  Spring  L762.  Mr.  Fisher  further  says  that  one  Notawas,  an 
lian  bad  told  bim  and  both  the  above  Trueax's,  that  there  had 
i„,  „  ninny  Helta  and  Hatchets  senl  them  these  two  years  past,  but  that 
they  the  <  mtawas  would  no1  ai  •  ep1  of  any  until!  a  large  fine  Belt  came 
this  last  winter  or  Lasl  Spring,  the  Outawas  said  from  the  Six  Nations. 
I'.n!  Mr.  Fisher  and  botli  of  the  Trueax's  arc  of  opinion  that  the  large  fine 
belt  was  the  Bame  offered  to  the  Messesagas  Chief  by  St.  Luke  LeCorn. 

Manning  Fisher. 

Messrs.  Andreas  &  Isaac  Trueaxs  acknowledges  to  have  been  present 
when  Tom,  Mr.  Knagg's  servant,  had  told  Mr.  Fisher  what  Mr.  Seeger 
told  li i in  in  regard  to  the  Bell  sent  by  St.  Luke  LeCorn  as  also  at  the  Con- 
versations  between  Mr.  Fisher  &  the  Outawa  Indian  and  confirm  the 
same,  and  thai  this  Outawa  Indian  had  told  them  the  above  in  the  Six 
Nation  language  having  confidence  in  them,  saying  he  had  not  fought 
himself,  and  when  the  War  was  over  he  would  not  live  amongst  his 
Nation,  but  would  go  down  to  Alban}*. 

Isaac  Trueax  a  Schenectady  Inhabitant,  declares  thai  some  time  after 
lie  was  broughl  to  the  Indian  <  lamp,  he  was  standing  upon  the  Road  with 
some  other  Prisoners,  one  <  leorge  and  one  Bolton,  Soldiers  in  the  Royal 
Americans,  thai  at  that  time  Bart,  the  silversmith  and  Gunsmith,  men- 
lioned  in  Mr.  Andreas  Trueax's  and  Mr.  Fishers  Declarations,  came  to 
them  and  being  in  middle  of  Indian  ( lamp,  spoke  to  them  very  loud  in  the 
Indian  Tongue  and  told  them  as  a  piece  of  news  that  there  were  some 
-  arrived  just  then  from  Montreal,  which  brought  letters  that  it 
was  no  Peace,  and  thai  there  was  fighting  everywhere  upon  Sea  and 
Land  jus i  as  before,  which  news  the  Indians  must  have  beared,  as  there 
were  numbers  aboul   there,  who  showed  all  the  marks  of  joy,  on  the 

on;  lb-  further  says  thai  s ■  time  after,  he  me1  one  Lassell;  who 

told  him  hewas  comefrom Montreal  at  that  time, and  had  seen  the  traders 
murdered  at  Grand  Riviere.  Isaac  Trueax  further  declares  that  one 
Mitchell,  an  inhabitant  a1  Gross  Point,  told  him  there  is  a  young  man  in 

'■  settlement,  «  ho  had  been  amongsl  all  the  other  young  people  of  the 
settlement,  with  bells  inciting  them  to  take  arms  and  assist  the  Indians 
iking  ih.-  Fort,  desiring  that  they  would  form  themselves  into  a 
''"'iipatn  of  which  he  was  to  be  Captain.  Isaac  Trueax,  Andreas  Trueax, 
'I'm  i, ball.  &  Teller  all  cotemporary  Prisoners  knew  the  above 
mentioned  Voting  Man  Personally  from  manj  instances  of  bis  ill  treat- 
""",  :""'  barbai  Prisoners,  and  thai  Mr.  Mitch, -11  knows  his 

'•"'"•'  ,1,e>  liav'ng  forg -.,  it.     Isaac  Trueax  further  declares,  thai  Mr. 

Mitchell  also  told  him  there  was  another  Young  Man  on  the  South  side 
of  the  River  exciting  the  People  on  thai  side  in  the  same  manner  and  to 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  619 

the  same  purpose,  whose  name  Mitchell  mIso  knows.  Isaac  Trueax  fur- 
ther declares  that  from  the  time  the  goods  taken  from  him  and  the  other 
Traders  cam.-  to  tie-  Indian  Camp  ii  was  a  publick  markel  between  the 
French  and  Indians  'lill  all  was  seld.  and  that  MelOBS  who  lives  on  the 
further  side,  of  the  Creels  from  the  Fort,  came  to  him  in  particular  and 
told  him  that  he  boughl  Dollars  of  the  Indians  and  gave  the  value  of  a 
l'.ea\  er  for  each  dollar,  that  he  also  showed  him  his  own  Watch  which  he 
had  got,  and  asked  him  if  it  was  good.  Ele  further  says  thai  he  ami  his 
partner  had  brought  up  with  them  a  thousand  Dollars  which  he  saw  dis- 
posed of  to  the  French,  who  were  there  in  crowds  whilst  (he  sale  lasted, 
both  men  and  women  so  many,  that  he  could  not  possibly  make  any  fur 

ther  distinction. 

Isaac  Tbbeax. 

Andreas  Trueax  says  thai  lie  had  taken  from  him  one  hundred  and 
fifty  dollars  which  were  also  boughl  np  by  the  French. 

Gerrit  Teller  a  Schenectady  Inhabitant  declares  that  soon  after  he  was 
brought  to  the  Indian  Cam]!  a  Prisoner,  he  spoke  to  one  Niganuay  a 
Chippewa  Chief,  the  Father  in-T. aw  of  DeConagne  the  Interpreter  at  Nia- 
gara, and  asked  him  if  he  thought  we  should  soon  have  Peace,  to  which 
he  answered  not  torn  long  while,  and  asked  him  Teller  if  he  knew  (when 
he  left  Niagara)  that  the  Indians  were  lighting  against  the  English,  he 
answered  he  did  not.  The  Indian  Chief  then  said.  No  that  none  of  the 
English  or  their  Traders  know  of  it ;  but  that  all  of  the  French  and  a  few 
of  the  Indian  Chiefs  knew  of  it.  Gerrit  Teller  Further  says  that  one 
Sunday  in  the  afternoon  the  armed  boats  were  sent  up  the  River,  he  saw 
Mart,  the  silver  and  gunsmith  mentioned  in  the  Declarations  of  Mr. 
Andreas,  Trueax  and  Mr.  Fisher,  run  very  fast  up  into  the  Indian  Camp, 
and  calling  to  the  Indians  that  tin-  English  were  coming  np  again,  upon 

which  the  Indians  took  all  to  their  Anns. 

Gakrit  Teller. 

Andreas  Trueax  being  again  examined  says  that  Mitchel's  wife  at 
Gross  Point  told  him  that  she  was  told  by  a  Frenchman  the  names  of 
four  of  the  first  people  in  this  Colonj  who  were  principals  at  the  head  of 

all  the  mischief  done  here. 

Andreas  iRUEAX. 

The  above  persons.  Andreas  Trueax.  Manning  Fisher,  Isaac  Trueax. 
and  Garrit  Teller,  Declare  they  are  willing  at  any  time  to  make  affidavil 
of  what  they  have  said,  through  the  curse  of  this  examination.  James 
Grant,  President. 

James  Conner  soldier  in  the  60th   Regiment,  who  was  I'ns, r  with 

the  Indians,  says  that  Charles  Dusette  had  threatened  to  kill  hm,.  A: 
132 


GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

thai  he  had  foughl  againsl  Capt.  Dalyell  on  the  31st  July  and  has  Sr 

i;,,l„  :  Rifle  and  the  Powder  Horn  and  Point  of  Cap.  Robinson. 

is  the  Person  hinted  in  Mr.  Trueax's  evidence  to  have 

Belts  to  the  young  men  of  the  settlement  and  treated  the  Prisoners 

bo  ill. 


1  COURT  OF  INQUIRY    BELD  AT  DETROIT,  OCTOBER  1,  1763. 

Capt.  .lames  Grant,  60th  Regt,  President. 

Lieut.  Bain  of  the  Queens  Rangers  Ensign  Anderson  of  the  55th  Regt, 
Members. 

John  Beverings  soldier  in  the  60th  Regiment  being  taken  Prisoner  by 
the  Savages  in  May  last  by  the  Chippewas  and  brought  down  to  the 
Outawa  Camp  mar  Melosshes  House,  says  that  during  the  time  of  his 
imprisonment  he  was  made  to  work  by  the  Savages  at  the  Rafts  with 
which  they  intended  to  fire  Hie  Vessels,  he  saw  two  Frenchmen,  the  two 
Melosshes,  assist  the  Savages  not  only  in  constructing  said  Rafts  but 
had  given  them  augres,  axes  and  other  implements  fit  for  that  purpose. 
That  he  was  in  some  time  broughl  to  the  South  Side  of  the  River  to  a 
Frenchman's  house  with  whom  he  was  made  to  work.  That  the  French- 
man paiil  the  Savages  half  a  bushel  of  wheat  for  every  four  days  work 
renchman's  name  he  knows  not)  but  knows  his  ITouse  that  be  had 
-.iu  some  Indians  come  to  the  House  demanding  a  cow  to  kill,  that  the 
Woman  of  the  Bouse  asked  them  for  Pondiac's  order,  which  they  said  in 

Indian,  Panama,  signifying  s< ,  that  he  had  frequently  seen  billets  or 

orders  from  Pondiac  to  several  French  for  what  the  Savages  might  want, 
which  was  always  readily  granted,  thai  he  heard  the  woman  of  the  same 

1 sesay  when  the  Indians  are  gone  thai  Montreal  was  to  pay  half  their 

loss  by  the  Indians,    .lames  Conner  soldier  in  the  60th  Regiment  being 

taken  Prisoner  at  the  same  time  with  the  above,  was  brought  to  Jacoe 

bergs  an  inhabitant's  house  who  boughl  him,  that  soon  after  he 

oughl   Pondiac  the  Indian  Chief  came  and  desired  Sr.  Aubergh  to 

him  to  work  at  the  Rafts  then  making  to  sett  fire  to  the  Vessels, 

which  the  Frenchman  obeyed  and  sent  him  and  his  own  son  with  a  horse 

and  ear.  to  ,!,,,„■  timber  lor  the  Rafts,  that  the  same  day  he  saw  St. 

sma"  Bullock  to  the  Indians  which  they  slaughtered 

■  his  door;  thai  one  -lay  one  Piero  Bar1  came  to  St.  Auberghs  house 

and  asked  him  the  Prisoner  what  he  thought  of  the  war.  will  the  Fort  be 

«kt>n-  "'  which  I,,-  cry'd  no.     That   Hart  said  it  would  in  two  days,  & 

ul<   '"'  wou,d  b»y  ""•  ^o  - s's  gunsmiths  from  the  Indians;' that 

''  ll:"'  ;ii  "mother  time  told  hit,,  that  the  soldiers  it.  the  Garrison  were 

,Dt"red  '"  :l  Conspiracy,  and  i er  the  silence  of  the  Nighl  intended  to 

over  the  Pickets  and  abandon  the  Fort,  and  after  they  had  got  out 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  651 

wore  to  be  conducted  to  Pondiac's  camp  by  one  Rhenbeaux,  an  Inhabi- 
tant in  the  Fort,  desiring  liini  al  the  same  time  ool  to  speak  of  it  to  any 
of  the  English  prisoners  (This  Conversation  with  Barl  was  in  English) 
that  he  knew  Mavark.  St.  Aubergh,  Maihias  Meloshe,  &  Brother  to  have 
been  constantly  at  the  Indian  Councills,  whilst  he  was  a  Prisoner,  that 
his  Master  St.  Auberg  had  told  him,  these  Councills  were  held  to  gel 
them  to  take  up  Anns  against  the  English,  which  they  refused,  but  thai 
two  Frenchman  had  taken  up  arms,  one  Charloc  Dusette,  the  other  name 
he  does  not  know.  That  lie  knows  Ids  Master  St.  Auberg  to  have  tilled 
about  ten  acres  of  ground,  which  he  bad  given  to  tour  differenl  families 
of  Indians  to  plant  corn  in,  that  he  had  often  seen  his  master  feed  the 
Indians  and  knows  him  to  have  bought  from  them  differenl  sorts  of 
goods  plundered  and  taken  from  the  English. 

his 
James  X  Conner. 
Mark. 

Thomas  Meares  soldier  in  the  GOth  Regiment  beingtaken  prisoner  by  the 
Savages  at  Presqtf  isle  the  22d  June  last  says  that  he  was  brought  from 
thence  to  the  Indian  Camp  at  Detroit  where  he  saw  ('apt.  Campble  &  Lt. 
McDougall  Prisoners,  that  soon  after  Lieut.  McDougall  having  made  his 
escape  he  was  carried  to  see  (.'apt.  Campble  put  to  Death  in  a  most  bar- 
barous and  inhuman  manner,  and  expecting  the  same  to  be  bis  Fate  as 
soon  as  they  had  done  mangling  the  body  of  ('apt.  Campble,  he  implored 
the  mercy  of  the  man  in  whose  house  Capt.  Campble  &  Lt.  .McDougall 
were  whilst  Prisoners,  who  answered  no.  were  you  my  own  Prisoner  I 
would  give  you  to  the  Indians,  as  you  are  an  Englishman,  for  the  Indians 
and  we  are  all  one,  clapping  of  his  baud  to  his  heart,  and  proceeded  in 
saying  whilst  lie  had  anything  they  should  not  want,  that  on  their  return 
from  the  place  of  Execution  lie  beared  the  same  Landlord  of  Lt.  .McDou- 
gall tell  many  things  of  him  to  the  Indians  which  occasioned  their  being 
very  cruel  and  ill  natured  to  him  for  a  long  time  after.  That  he  had  been 
soon  after  Capt.  Campble's  Death  brought  to  an  Indian  Village  on  the 
way  to  St.  Josephs  about  four  days  march,  in  which  Village  he  saw  three 
Frenchmen  (whose  names  he  does  not  know  but  well  know  their  Faces 
and  their  houses  having  been  there  sometime)  come  the  day  after  ('apt. 
DalyelPs  Defeat  in  great  baste,  and  beared  them  tell  the  Indians  there, 
seemingly  in  the  greatest  joy,  how  the  English  were  beat  &  had  great 
uumbers  killed,  showing  how  they  were  brought  in  complaining  of  their 
wounds  &  many  other  demonstrations  of  joy.  That  there  is  a  French 
man  who  lives  below  the  Huron  Milage.  &  to  his  knowledge  had  given  a 
cornfield  to  three  Families  of  the  Outawa  Indians,  as  well  as  his  Horses 
to  carry  the  corn  for  them  to  the  Riverside,  when  pulled  die  also  knows 
the  man's  face  and  house).     That   he  also  knows  of  St.  Auberg  having 


TEE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

given  a  Field  of  ten  acres  well  till'd  to  the  savages,  and  that  be  himself 
\s.i>  made  to  work  at  the  pulling  of  it,  thai  lie  also  knows  the  said  St. 
Auberg  Laving  often  run  into  the  Indian  Camp  where  he  bad  been  kept 
with  intelligence  when  the  English  came  out  of  their  Fort  with  their 
UoatB  or  otherwise.  Thai  ho  had  often  heared  many  of  the  Inhabitants 
spirit  i a i >  the  Indians  l>.\  telling  them  that  the  English  Garrison  were 
living  upon  two  ounces  of  Flour  pr  day,  and  no  Pork,  nor  was  there  any 
at  Niagara  to  bo  senl  to  them,  that  he  knows  also  the  houses  of  several 
Inhabitants  in  which  the  English  plunder  is  deposited  and  preserved  for 
t!i>-  Savages,  which  he  ran  show  at  any  opportunity. 

Thus.  Meares. 

i  in..-  soldiers,  John  Severings,  .lames  Conner  &  Thomas  Meares, 
are  ready  to  make  affidavit  to  what  they  have  declared  in  the  Course  of 
t  In-  aho\  o  examination. 

James  Grant,  President. 
James  Bain, 
Eob't  Anderson. 

Detroit  12  October,  1763. 

CNQl  U\\    HELD  in   OEDEB  or  MAJOR  GLADWIN,  ENG.  COMMANDANT. 

Captain  Robert  Rogers,  President. 

Hai  60th  Regt.  (Members)  Ensign  Perry,  Q.  E.  A.  Rangers. 
l.\  idence  of  John  Seger,  «  ho  was  taken  Prisoner  at  the  Grand  River  in 
coming  here,  says  that  since  he  has  boon  a  Captive  lie  has  often  heared 
the  Indians  say,  in  talking  amongsl  themselves,  that  they  were  surprised 
he  French  did  not  keep  their  words  with  them  that  they  had  pro- 
they  should  in .i  want  for  Provisions  or  Ammunition  in  case  they 
should  begin  &  continue  the  war  with  the  English,  &  how  would  it  be  by 
and  by  if  t  hoy  began  to  draw  back  already.  He  further  says  that  he 
was  last  Winter  at  Toronto  a  trading  when  he  was  told  by  Wapauma- 
&<?n  a  Chief  of  tin-  Missisagys  thai  St.  Luke  he  Corn;  had  sent  Belts  to  the 
Several  Nations  this  Way.as  he  termed  it  tindery,, -round,  which  moved 
about  last  winter,  the  purport  of  which  was  to  desire  them  to  continue 
still  in  their  friendship  to  the  French,  who  would  come  in  a  Fleet  in  the 
Spring*  take  the  Country  again.  Heat  the  same  time  told  him  that  the 
Indians  would  be  a.  War  with  us  in  the  Spring.  That  he  was  told  by  an 
Indian  Chief  in  the  Mohawk  Tongue  in  Mr.  Massack's  House,  in  presence 

of  many  others  that  three  Belts  had  I n  going  about  from  the  French 

three  years  pasl  exhorting  the  Indians  to  take  up  Arms  against 

II-  also  says  that  as  soon  as  there  is  any  alarm  amongst  the  Indians 

tuej  carried  their  goods  in  the  French  houses  by  way  of  security  that  he 


THE   GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS.  653 

saw  six  pieces  of  si  raw  iii  Massacks,  which  he  believed  to  be  pari  of  what 
was  taken  from  him  at  Grand  River.  The  said  Seger  is  willing  to  take 
his  oath  that  the  said  evidence  is  (rue  whenever  he  shall  lie  called  upon, 
and  that  Several  Prisoners  had  shown  him  a  Frenchman  who  spoke  a 
little  English,  and  whom  he  will  knew  when  he  sees  him,  thai  always 
came  to  fire  against  (he  Fori  with  the  Indians.  The  above  Seger  recol- 
lects that  he  was  told  by  the  Chippewas  that  the  first  canoe  thai  went 
from  here  iu  the  Spring  to  Montreal  went  on  purpose  to  bring  ammuni- 
tion for  them. 

John  Packs  soldier,  who  was  taken  Prisoner  coming  from  Michili- 
mackinac  in  the  Spring  says  that  Charlo  Dusette  told  him  that  he  and 
Piero  Earth  had  received  two  Belts  of  Wampum  from  the  Indians  as 
Commanders  to  raise  the  French  in  Arms  to  take  the  Vessels,  they  were 
to  have  had  a  man  from  each  family,  but  they  would  not  go  with  them 
though  they  warned  them.  That  the  French  Guard  the  most  valuable 
of  their  goods  that  in  case  we  should  drive  them  ell'  they  can  come  back 
and  get  them.  The  above  Packs  is  willing  to  be  qualified  to  the  above 
evidence  whenver  he  shall  be  called  upon.     True  Copy. 

Eobekt  Rogers. 


LETTERS   FROM   M.    NEYEON,   COMMANDANT   AT   THE   ILLINOIS. 

To  all  my  Children:  The  Iroquois,  or  Six  Nations,  Abenakies,  Shawms, 
Ottawas,  Chippewas,  Hurons,  Pautewatamies,  Shiraponts,  Macoutins, 
Miamis,  Ouiejalanaws,  Peanquickias,  Ilinois,  Sakeys,  Poxes.  Folcavoines, 
Ozages,  Kanses,  Missouris,  Panis,  and  to  all  Red  Men. 

My  Dear  Children,  as  none  of  you  can  reproach  me  of  lying.  I  promised 
you  to  communicate  to  you  the  news,  and  you  to  listen  to  my  speech. 
lo!  here  it  is.  My  dear  Children,  open  your  ears  that  it  may  penetrate 
.■ven  to  the  bottom  of  your  Hearts.  The  great  day  has  come  at  last 
wherein  it  has  pleased  the  Master  of  Life  to  inspire  the  Greal  King  of 
the  French,  and  him  of  the  English  to  make  IV;,,,.  between  them,  sorry 
to  see  the  blood  of  men  spilled  so  long,  it  is  for  this  reason  they  have 
ordered  all  their  Chiefs  and  Warriors  to  lay  down  their  arms  and  we  to 
acquaint  you  of  this  news,  to  engage  you  to  bury  the  hatchet,  doing  it 
as  I  hope,  what  joy  you  will  have  in  seeing  the  French  and   English 

smoke  with  the  same  pipe  and  eating  out  of  the  same  S] n  and  finally 

living  like  Bretheren.  You  will  see  the  Road  free,  the  Lakes  and  Rivers 
unstopped.  Ammunitions  and  Merchandise  will  abound  in  your  \  il- 
lages-  Your  women  and  children  will  be  cloaked  as  well  as  you.  they 
will  go  to  the  dances  and  Festivals  not  with  cumbersome  &  heavy  clothes, 
bu1  with  skirts,  blankets  and  Ribbands,  forgel  then,  mj  dear  children,  all 
the  evil  talcks,  mav  the  wind  carry  off  like  dust  all  those  which  have  pro 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS 

,1  ouf  evil  mouths.  The  Respeel  and  Friendship  which  yon  have 
iiIwuvh  lind  for  the  Word  of  Onondiijo  and  for  mine  in  particular  makes 
me  believe  thai  you  will  listen  to  (his  one  now:  Ii  is  from  a  Father  who 
.  i,  nderlj  his  Children  and  who  seeks  nothing  but  your  welfare. 

The  French  are  free  even  as  you,  they  change  the  Land  when  the  King 
orders  it,  he  has  no1  given  yours,  he  has  only  ceded  those  which  he  had 
amongsl  you  in  order  to  avoid  War  for  the  future  and  that  ye  may  always 
enjoy  tranquility  and  have  abundance  of  merchandise  in  your  Villages. 
I  depend  upon  you  thai  you  will  not  make  me  lie,  and  that  your  Young 
Men  will  nol  quil  their  Rattles  or  play  things  to  take  up  the  Hatchet, 
hut  to  carry  it  amongsl  Savage  Nations  from  whom  you  expect  no  suc- 
cours  and  who  are  on  the  Earth  to  Embroil  it.  Leave  off  then  my  Dear 
Children  from  spilling  the  Mood  of  your  Bretheren  the  English,  our 
are  aovt  bul  one,  you  cannol  a1  present  si  rike  the  one  without  hav- 
ing the  other  for  enemy  ;ilso,  if  vim  continue  you  will  have  no  supplys, 
and  is  from  us  thai  you  exped  them,  you  will  be  always  in  my  heart, 
and  in  i  hose  of  the  French  who  will  never  abandon  you. 

I  bid  you  all  farewell  and  recommend  you  to  respect  always  the  French 
who  remain  amongsl  you,  altho  1  expect  to  go  off  sometime  after  the 
Couriers  which  1  dispatch  to  you,  send  me  your  answer  by  them.  If  I 
do  nol  receive  it  here  it  will  be  at  New  Orleans  where  I  will  concert  with 
the  j  real  chief,  the  means  for  supplying  you.  thus  having  all  the  other 
Bide  of  the  River  Mississippi  where  the  French  will  supply  the  wants  of 
those  « ho  will  be  iii  this  quarter. 

I  pray  the  Master  of  Life  to  enter  into  your  hearts  &  that  he  may  make 
you  Know  thai  in  following  the  advice  which  I  give  you  to  make  Peace 
with  our  Bretheren  the  English,  you  may  never  stand  in  need  of  being 
pitied,  and  Bnallj  thai  the  King,  I  and  all  the  French  will  be  glad  to  see 
•  in  Peace,  and  for  proof  of  the  truth  of  what  I  tell  you,  I  sign 
Presents  with  my  hand  and  pu1  thereto  the  seal  of  my  arms  at  Fort 
Chartre  27  Sept.  L763. 

Signed,        J.  Neyeon  DeVilliebe, 

Fort  Chartre  (it  the  Illinois,  27th  Oct.,  1763. 
Gentlemen:    It  is  well  decided  thai  the  King  of  France,  (he  King  of 
'Mud  and  he  of  Spain  (undoubtedly  affected  with  the  horrors  of  such 

;""'  ' •   war)  havea1  length  made  Peace,  whereof  the  Definite 

I  whanged  the  l.h  of  .March  last.     I,  [8  by  virtue  of  a  letter 

will,  the  King's  Seal  thai  Governour  by  his  dispatches  bearing  date 

I.  ol  last  Ju  y  (and  which  I  received  the21s1  past)  gives  me  orders 

,ud«hver  up  this  Peace  to  theC aissaries  of  his  Brittannick  Majesty 

'  ""powered  bj  Ins  orders  for  the  purpose  .V  evacuate  it.     1  do  not  enter 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  655 

into  a  Detail  of  this  Cession; it  is  conformable  to  the  articles  in  the  Parlia- 
mentaries  concerning  this  Quarter,  and  which  you  have  seen,  which 
leaves  the  Inhabitants  free  and  at  liberty  to  retire  whereever  it  seemeth 
good  unto  them  within  the  possessions  of  the  Three  Kings;  he  has  then 
ordered  me  to  acquaint  all  those  who  are  willing  to  withdraw  themselves 
hereof,  &  to  propose  to  them  New  Orleans,  the  Allemants,  Lapointe, 
Loupde,  Anhancas  and  Saute  Gunnviene,  to  establish  themselves  there 
with  assurance  of  having  all  facility  in  their  new  settlements.  It'  any 
amongst  you  gentlemen  choose  to  follow  this  resolution,  they  are  free 
to  do  it  and  may  assure  themselves  that  I  will  procure  them  every  suc- 
cour that  will  depend  on  me.  It  remains  then.  Gentlemen,  thai  I  exhort 
you  agreeable  to  the  Kings  intention  to  put  everything  in  practice  to  con- 
tribute to  the  Peace  which  I  demand  of  the  Indians,  being  \\  ell  persuaded 
that  the  English  Gentlemen  will  take  the  most  just  means  to  accomplish 
it  in  consequence  whereof  I  have  dispatched  these  Couriers  and  am 
entirely.  Gentlemen,  Your  very  humble  &  Must  Obt.  Servt. 

(Signed)         Neyeon  DeVilliebe. 

To  all  the  Inhabitants  at  Detroit. 

We  Peter  Joseph  Neyon  DeVilliere  Major  Commandant  of  the  Illinois: 

Mr.  Dequindre,  Cadet,  is  ordered  to  set  out  this  day  with  one  named 
•lames  la  Devarette  and  two  Indians  to  go  to  Detroit  to  carry  our  l»is 
patches  thither. 

He  will  be  charged,  moreover,  with  a  parole  from  us  in  writing  with  a 
flying  seal,  three  Belts  and  four  pipes  for  all  the  Xations. 

As  the  Ouyatanons  are  the  first  that  he  will  find,  he  will  cause  their 
Chiefs  to  be  assembled,  together,  to  whom  he  will  explain  exactly  our 
Parole  in  assuring  them  of  the  Peace,  in  token  whereof,  he  will  deliver 
up  to  them  one  Belt  and  one  Pipe. 

He  will  do  the  same  with  the  Kekapouts,  Maskoukins,  &  Miamis,  and 
from  thence  he  will  go  to  Detroit,  when  he  will  deliver  our  letters  to  the 
Commandant. 

If  contrary  to  our  intentions  the  siege  of  Detroit  by  the  Indians  should 
obstruct  his  entering  into  the  Fort,  he  is  to  go  to  Pondiac,  Chief  of  Outa- 
was,  where  he  will  read  over  our  Parole  and  give  it  up  to  them,  enjoyning 
them  to  convey  it  to  all  the  other  Nations. 

He  will  be  on  his  Guard  in  order  to  avoid  all  manner  of  surprises  from 
ill  conditioned  Indians. 

We  command  to  hint  most  expressly  to  make  all  dispatch.  We  desire. 
therefor,  all  whom  it  may  concern  not  to  retard  him  bui  on  the  contrary 
to  procure  him  succour  and  assistance.  Given  at  Fort  Chart  re.  L'T  Sept. 
1 763. 

Signed,        Neyon    Vii.uere. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 


TIIK   DB  LA  RATION   01    MB    JADOG  TO   MAJOR  GLADWIN   AND  I    W'T.   8EANT  AT  MAJOR 
ULIDWIN'S   B0D8E,  THE  -4  1  il    DEC,   1763,   IN  THE   EVENING. 

h  thai  in  council  with  Pondiac  composed  of  the  following  principal 
Inhabitants,  viz.,  N'avarre  Schcott,  Campeau,  Currie,  and  Frank  Meloss, 

timeal i  the  latter  end  of  June  or  beginning  of  July,  1763  Schcott 

told  Pondiac  thai  thei  would  no1  fighl  with  him  against  the  English,  as 
they  would  expose  their  wives  and  children  to  inevitable  ruin,  should 
they  no1  succeed,  bul  thai  there  were  aboul  three  hundred  young  men  in 
the  settlemenl  who  had  neither  Parents  or  much  property  to  lose,  that 
mighl  and  oughl  to  join  him,  in  consequence  of  which  speech  Pondiac 
addressed  himself  to  some  Young  Men  present,  who  immediately  agreed 
to  join  him  and  6gh1  against  the  English.  Kenbarger  told  him  of  this 
Council  and  thai  Frank  Meloss  had  insisted  in  said  Council  that  Mr. 
Nevarre  being  a  knowing  &  leading  man  would  tell  assure  Pondiac  that 
they  were  all  readj  and  willing  to  take  up  arms  with  him  against  the 

sb,  which  Nevarre  absolutely  refused,  &  said  no  I  will  not  tell  him, 
tell  it  him  yourself.  Thai  on  Jadocs  hearing  the  result  of  this  Council 
he  came  to  Pero  Potie,  the  Jesuil  and  prevailed  upon  him  to  come  to  the 
Fori  and  acquainl  the  Commandanl  of  what  passed,  but  as  the  Jesuit 
was  ready  to  sell  out,  Piero  La  Bute  &  Baptist  Gruereme  came  and  find- 
ing he  was  going  to  the  Fort  told  him  he  was  mad,  that  Pondiac  would 
hum  his  church,  destroy  all  he  had  and  then  kill  himself,  which  fright- 
ened him  and  prevented  his  going  and  acquainl  the  Commandant  that  it 
was  agreed  upon  in  Council  a  hunt  the  5th  day  of  duly,  that  the  Garrison 
was  in  be  at  nuked  without  by  the  Savages  and  French,  and  within  by 
the  Freneh  Inhabitants  residing  in  the  Fort.  N.  1!.  This  corresponds 
with  three  large  Keys  being  found  in  the  Fort,  which  answered  in  every 
ivspecl  the  locks  of  the  Fori  &  with  the  Deposition  of  McConie,  a  soldier 
n  the  60th  Regiment,  who  had  at  thai   time  been  Prisoner,  and  told  by  a 

fellow  Prisoner,  who  spoke  g 1  French  thai  the  Harrison  were  all  to  be 

murdered,  as  the  French  wire  all  to  attack  it  from  without  and  within, 
i-  well  as  the  savages,  or  to  this  purpose.  Jadoc  further  saith  that  at 
Piero  Labutes  House  he  told  Pondiac  of  the  Peace,  and  putting  three  of 
'"  ''"'-  liowing  as  the  three  great  Kings  had  now  made  Peace, 

thai  in  aim, -kin-  the  English  ii  was  attacking  the  whole  three  &  many 
oilier  arguments  to  prevail  on  the  Savage  Chief  to  listen  to  reason  which 
ittle  time  seemed  inclined  to  giving  greal  attention;  But  the 

nbute  in  a  rage  told  him  Pondiac  it  was  all  a  lie,  propogated  by  the 
Knglish  to  deceive  them,  and  thai  Jadoc  himself  was  no  other  than  an 

Bbman.     He  further  saith  that  all  the  St.  Obaignes  &  Campeaus 

nn'  ""'  """-'  l»'ominen1  | pie  in  the  settlement,  and  by  them  proposed 

'"  make  trenches,  thai  whe i  aemy   were  close  on  the  outside  the 


THE   GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  657 

Garrison  was  to  be  attacked  within.    Thai  Ban  the  gunsmith  and  Ship- 

paton,  two  Inhabitants  of  the  For,  had  often  gone  out  an g8<  the  Sav- 

ages  and  told  everywhere  thai  the  English  in  the  Fort  were  half  Dead 
and  that  a  good  savage  cry  would  make  thorn  surrender;  Further  .hat 
Currie,  Sckieott,  Meny  Chene,  Godfrey  and  others  knew  of  the  Plan  to 
murder  the  Garrison  in  Council  several  days  before  it  was  attempted  to 
be  put  into  execution;  and  thai  by  the  requests  of  Curie,  Campeau  and 
son,,,  others  Capt.  Campbell  was  to  l,o  saved.  That  Pierro  La  Bute  bad 
told  Jadoc  that  Currie  had  also  desired  of  Pondiac  to  sav,.  Cap1    Hop 
Inns  that  he  was  as  one  of  them,  which  he  promised  to  do  if  ho  knew  him 
Further  that  Baptist  Campeau  ram,,  to  his  Jadocs  house  showed  him 
some  letters  &  a  Kelt  which  were  to  he  sen1  to  the  Illinois  by  Godfrey 
and  Meny  Chene,  which  on  reading  surprised  him  so  much  thai  In-  asked 
said  Campeau  if  he  showed  them  to  the  Commandanl ;  that  he  answered 
with  equal  surprise,  what  Commandant,  we  have  no  other  Commandanl 
now  but  Pondiac  &  nexl  Sunday  you'll  go  to  the  Mass  in  the  Fort,  and 
you'll  see  no  English  there,  we  will  take  it  eer  that  time.    Jadoc  then 
replied,  how  will  you  take  it.     We  will  take  it  by  sapp  replied  Campeau, 
further  that  Tiffoc,  who  came  in  the  Fall  from  the  Illinois  and  positively 
declared  to  all  the  Savages  there  was  no  Peace  that  it  was  all  a  lie  & 
there  would  he  an  army  soon  from  the  Illinois  with  ammunition  enough; 
he  lodges  and  resides  at  old  Predomes  House.     That  LeVille  Beau,  Char- 
toe  Campeau  and  old  Predome  particularly  harboured  and  fed  the  sav- 
ages  in   the   times  of  want.      Further    that   outside   Rentaigne,   Cab 
barcher,  St.  Andrew  and  St.  Bernard  are  all  good  men,  but  that,  in  short, 
the  villaney  of  the  settlement  in  general,  to  write  it,  would  till  a  volume. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  A  COURT  OF  ENQDIEY  HELD  BY  MAJOR  GLADWIN'S  ORDER  TO  EX 
AMINE  THE  FOLLOWING  TE8SONS  TJPON  OATH,    DETROIT.  20TH    DEC.  1763. 

Capt.  James  Grant,  President. 

Lieut.  Abbot  Royal  Artillery  Ensign  John  Christie  Members. 

James  Barns  soldier  in  the  60th  Regiment  being  duly  sworn  declares 
that  he  was  one  of  the  Garrison  of  Miamis  on  the  27  May  17i;:i,  when  that 
Garrison  was  taken  by  the  Indians,  and  that  Mr.  Welch  the  Merchant 
who  had  been  taken  on  the  Miamis  River  some  days  before,  told  him 

after  he  had  been  taken,  that  being  in  the  river  he  was  haled  to  con 11 

shore  and  was  secured  by  the  Indians  in  company  with  two  frenchmen, 
Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  who  were  with  the  same  Indians  when  lie 
came  to  the  Miamis  Fort  on  the  26th  in  the  Evening,  &  that  next  day 
after  Mr.  Holmes  was  killed,  the  serjeanl  taken  and  the  men.  having 
shut  the  Fort,  the  Frenchman  Godfrey  was  with  Mr.  Welch  at  the  Port 
when  he  called  to  them  to  give  up  the  Fort   A:  thai   they  would  be  .ill 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

utrary,  the  Fori  would  be  se1  on  fire  &  they  all  burn't, 

upon  which  they  opened  the  gates  and  surrendered,  thai  soon  after  they 

told  him  the  Deponanl  that  he  was  ordered  to  tell 

,),,.,,,  ,rt,  By  the  two  Frenchmen  Godfrey  and  Chene,  that 

-  v  had  told  him,  the  Deponant,  to  give  him  a  pair  of  silver  buckles 

he  had  on  his  shoes,  saying  he  mighl  have  thorn  as  well  as  the  Indians, 

which  be,  Godfrey,  made  Welch  [nterprel  to  him  in  English,  for  which 

buckles  the  said  Godfrey  paid  him,  a1   Detroit,  in  December  following, 

being  then   Prisoner  there;  the  Indians  who  had  them  Prisoners  told 

them  they  were  going   to  take  Ouyatanaw,  and  went  off  accordingly 

ipanied  by  the  two  said  Frenchmen,  Godfrey  and  Chene,  and  that 

after  they  heard  Ouiyatanaw  was  taken  and  that  they  carried  two 

of  the  soldiers  taken  at  Miamis  with  them,  when  they  went  off  for  Auiya- 

lanaw.     The  Deponanl    further  says  thai   as  soon  as  they  were  taken 

away  from  the  Fori  Miamis.  lie  saw  French  Colours  flying  upon  it.  The 

Deponanl  further  says,  upon  oath,  thai  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  the 

prisoners  al  Detroit,  are  the  very  Persons  he  saw  with  the  Indians  when 

Miamis  was  taken. 

William  Bolton,  soldier  in  the  60th  Regiment,  being  duly  sworn,  con- 
linns  the  Depositions  of  Burns,  excepting  from  the  consternation  he  was 
in  he  does  not  remember  who  was  with  Welch  when  he  spoke  to  them  to 
surrender  the  Fort,  as  also  that  he  heared  thai  the  Indians  had  told  the 
Frenchman  Godfrej  and  Chene  to  desire  him  to  tell  them  in  the  Fort  to 
surrender  and  thai  they  would  be  all  saved. 

John  McConnie  Soldier  in  the  GOth  Regimenl  being  duly  swornne 
doposeth  thai  he  was  taken  by  the  savages  a1  Presqu'  isle  in  June  1763, 
thai   he  was    conducted    from    thai   to  the  Indian    encampment  above 

I 'ei roil  and  from  i heme  to  ( Labidie's  house,  an  Inhabitant  on  the 

de  below  the  Fori,  and  thai  during  the  two  nights  he  was  there,  he 

saw  the  Landlord  Labidie  with  his  own  hands  dressing  the  heads  and 

painting  of  three  Voung  Frenchmen  in  the  Indian  manner,  each  of  the 

,w"  uights.     He  believes  the  firsl  nighl  was  only  to  please  the  savages, 

1  being  there.     That  on  the  day  following,  being  the  second  day,  he 

s  there,  one  Rannoc,  n  Frenchman  but  a  soldier  taken  with  him  and 

risoneral  Labadies  told  him.  with  seeming  sorrow,  that  (his  night  they 

would  all  he  killed  within  the  Fort.  That   Waggeman,  another  Fellow 

ndbeen  senl   iutotheForl  to  be  exchanged  for  an  Indian,  and 

"""  U""M  '"•  k'"ed,  That  he  the  Deponanl  having  asked  Rannoc  how  or 

m  whai  manner  they  were  to  he  killed  telling  him  at  the  same  time  of  his 

die  painting  and  dressing  the  young  Frenchmen  the  night  be- 

"  RiU1 •  ""•"  "'plied  that  the  rain  only  hindered  them  from  at 

''■'"l'lm-  ir  ""■  n'8*1  before  and  thai  the  French  were  to  assist  the  Indi 
;'"s-  b  '"'  •'  Frenchman  being  wounded, and  this  NTigh1  thei  are 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  659 

to  be  killed  in  the  Fort,  as  they  can  go  in  when  they  please,  they  uaving 
gotten  keys  to  open  the  Gates  &  all  the  French  within  are  to  rise  and 
assist  them  as  well  as  all  the  young  men  in  the  country. 

The  deponant  further  declares  that  the  evening  of  the  daj  Rannoc  told 
him  as  above,  Labadie,  the  Landlord,  had  the  second  time  addressed  tris 
young  men  as  above  described,  who  had  all  gone  out  with  several  sav- 
ages, he  imagined  to  attack  the  Fori  as  told  him  by  Rannoc,  thai  al  sev 
eral  other  little  intervals  during  the  Night  Labadie  came  to  the  place 
where  the  Deponant  lay,  touching  him  with  his  hand,  he  believes  to  pre- 
vent his  escape,  the  lions,,  being  -lark  and  only  one  old  soldier  left  to 
guard  him,  That  about  the  middle  of  the  Night,  finding  the  Bouse  quiet 
he  the  Deponant  got  up,  and  crept  as  far  as  the  Door,  with  an  Intention 
to  make  his  Escape  but  was  prevented  by  Labadie's  having  heard  him 
trying  to  open  the  door,  challenged  him  and  desired  if  he  would  go  out 
to  take  the  Indian  along  with  him.  The  Deponant  further  says  thai  he 
believes  he  might  have  got  oil',  had  he  not  in  the  same  day,  Rannoc  and 
he  conversed  as  above.  pU1  confidence  in  Labadie  who  had  asked  him  it'  la- 
knew  the  Indians  to  have  got  money  in  their  plunders  with  some  other 
questions  to  which  he  replied  he  did  not  know,  but  that  they  had  go1 
some  Watches,  anil  then  consulted  him  about  making  his  escape,  thai  he 
told  him  it  was  impossible  if  could  not  swim,  pointing  to  the  River, 
which  trust  he  is  certain  prevented  his  getting  off  that:  night  by  the 
vigilance  of  Labadie  &  likewise  believes  was  the  occasion  of  his  being 
carried  away  next  day  to  Sagama,  where  in  his  way  lie  met  with  John 
Edwards  a  Soldier  &  Prisoner  to  whom  he  related  the  circumstam 
in  this  Deposition.  The  Deponant  further  declares  thai  he  saw  Labadie 
buy  three  pairs  of  white  stockings  from  the  Indians  for  tobacco,  which 
stockings  he  believes  had  been  the  property  id'  Ensign  Christie,  who  had 
been  also  taken  at  Presqu-isle.  And  that  he  further  knows  the  said 
Labadie  to  have  received  spades  shovels  ami  other  utensils  belonging  to 
the  King  from  the  Savages.  The  Deponant  further  says  that  in  the  Fall 
of  the  Year  when  he  was  at  Sagana,  he  saw  two  cannons  with  eight  or 
nine  Frenchmen,  mostly  wounded,  who  the  Indians  told  him  were  going 
to  the  Mississippi  for  to  bring  ammunition  and  men,  that  a  French  army 
from  thence  were  coming  this  way.  The  Deponant  farther  says  that  he 
was  lying  down  in  Labadies  house  one  of  his  Daughters  came  to  him, 
give  him  a  kick  with  her  foot  and  told  him  in  English  to  move  aside,  and 
that  the  husband  of  that  woman  was  one  of  the  men  dressed  and  painted 
by  Labadie  as  above  related,  and  had  gone  ou1  with  the  savages  in  the 
night. 

John  Edwards  soldier  being  duly  sworn  declares  that  the  Deponanl 
M<  Connie  had  told  him  on  his  way  to  Sagana  the  whole  in  regard  to  a 
Frenchman  in  whose  house  he  had  been  in,  having  painted  and  di 


660  THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

three  young  Frenchmen,  n  ho  he  believes  assisted  the  Indians  against  the 
80  told  him  with  greal  concern  thai  the  Fort  was  to  have 
been  taken  thai  Nigbl  in  the  manner  related  in  his  deposition.  N.  B. 
The  circumstances  in  the  Deposition  of  McConnie  with  regard  to  the 
being  laid  open  by  the  Enemy's  false  keys  appears  to  be  true,  as 
there  were  three  large  keys  found  within  the  Fori  sometime  after  hid 
under  ground  exactly  the  same  make  with  the  real  keys  of  the  Fort 
and  answering  locks  equally  well.  McConnie  being  asked  how  he  knew 
Labadie  to  be  the  Person  he  had  seen  Painting  the  Young  Men  &Cc 
Answers  he  has  often  since  he  came  from  the  Savages,  therefore  knows 
him  perfectly  well;  being  asked  who  were  the  young  men  he  saw  him 
paint,  answers  lie  believes  two  of  them  were  his  sons  &  the  other  he  is 
Bare  was  his  son  in-law. 

James  Grant,  President. 


A  COURT  OK  INQUIRY  OROERED  To  TAKE  THE  DEPOSITIONS  OF  THE  FOLLOWING  PER- 
I  \KE.N  HV   THE  SAVAGES  IN  THE  SUMMER,  176S. 
DETROIT,  21ST  FEBRUARY,  17M, 

Capt.  .lames  < rrant,  President. 

Ensign  John  Christie,  Ensign  Christopr  Pauly,  GOth  Regt.  Members. 

Cap1  John  McCoy  of  the  60th  Regiment  being  duly  sworn  Deposeth 
that  he  was  at  Miamis  Fori  on  the  -7th  day  of  May  1763  when  it  was 
taken  by  the  Bavages,  that  in  the  morning  he  saw  some  Indians  coming 
towards  the  Fort,  thai  he  wenl  out  to  see  who  they  were,  and  what  they 
came  about,  that  as  he  approached  them  he  saw  Mr.  Welch,  the  Indian 
Trader  and  two  Frenchmen,  Chene  and  Godfrey,  with  the  savages,  that 
Welch  called  to  him  ami  told  him  it  was  better  to  surrender  the  Fort, 
that  their  officer  was  killed  &  that  none  of  them  would  be  hurt,  on  which 
he  turned  round  to  go  back  to  the  Fori  but  found  that  be  was  surrounded 
by  the  Bavages  and  his  reiivat  cut  off;  surrendered  himself  and  was  car- 
ried away  to  the  Indian  Cabbins  about  200  Yards  where  he  found  three 
soldiers  who  had  been  taken  with  Mr.  Welsh  some  days  before:  Being 
asked  in  regard  to  the  behavior  of  the  Frenchmen  Godfrey  &  Chene, 
answers  he  saw  no  hud  behavior  of  i hem  during  the  time  he  had  any 
opportunity  of  seeing  them,  which  was  no1  above  an  hour,  he  further 
'I'  thai  the  second  day  after  he  was  taken  from  the  opposite  side 
of  the  River  he  sawa  Frenchman  hoistinga  while  Flag  on  the  Flagg  Staff 
bul  does  nol  know  positively  who  the  Frenchman  was,  that  he  did  not 
1 u  "r  Ensign  Eolmes  being  out  of  the  Fort  until  be  was  told  by- 
Welsh  i ha.  he  was  killed,  i hat  he  knows  nothing  of  any  French  that  had 
been  seen  amongsl  the  Indians,  but  of  a  vagabond  (had  been  sometimes 
:"  "'"  Uiami8)  wh0  has  gone  off  to  the  Illinois  &  had  often  told  the 
Indians  thai  Quebec  and  New  STork&c  were  to  be  taken,  that  the  Miamis 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  661 

Indians  bad  only  seal  seventeen  or  eighteen  of  their  Warriors  to  Detroit 
who  they  told  him  were  doI  to  fighl  as  they  were  a1  war  againsl  the 
<  'herokees. 

Roberl  Lawrence  soldier  in  the  60th  Regimenl  Deposeth  thai  on  the 
L'lili  May  when  he  was  taken  by  the  Indians  with  Mr.  Welch  the  Trader 
on  the  Miamis  River  he  saw  the  two  Frenchmen  Godfrey  and  Chene,  with 
the  same  Indians  of  whom  he  asked  Welch  to  enquire  what  Nation  the 
Indians  were  off,  that  the  old  man  Godfrey  answered  they  were  Ottawas 
and  Chippewas,  that  Welch,  at  his  desire,  asked  the  Frenchman  Godfrey 
again,  where  they  were  going?  Who  answered  thai  the  Indians  had  senl 
them  with  Letters  to  the  Commandanl  of  the  Illinois  to  desire  that  he 
would  comedown  and  take  possession  of  the  Garrison  of  Detroit,  thai 
Capt.  Campble  and  Lt.  McDougall  were  taken  Prisoners,  &  that  the 
Indians  had  been  a  beating  of  them  for  two  days  before  they  left  Detroit, 
that  Godfrey  spoke  to  them  only,  thai  Miney  Chene  kepi  constantly 
among  the  Indians,  that  in  a  little  after  they  were  taken  and  tied,  he  saw 
i  wo  other  Frenchmen  whose  names  he  does  not  know,  who  had  some  con 
\ersation  with  Mr.  Welsh,  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  se1  oil'  with  these 
other  Frenchmen  who  were  servants  to  Mr.  Welch,  in  two  Battoes  with 
all  the  plunder  then  taken  he  was  told  for  this  Place,  that  Welsh  told 
him  on  the  25th  that  tin-  old  Frenchman  <  rodfrey  had  asked  what  sort  of 
man  was  Mr.  Holmes?  Was  he  a  good  soldier?  That  on  his  being  told 
he  was,  the  Frenchman  then  said  if  he  was  ho  had  better  shut  the  gates 
and  Fight.  That  on  the  26th  in  the  evening  the  Indians  had  tied  the 
Prisoners  down  to  the  ground,  within  two  miles  of  the  Fort  Miamis; 
Went  all  off  except  two,  who  with  the  two  Frenchmen  Godfrey  and 
Miney  Chene,  he  as  well  as  the  other  Prisoners  supposed  were  hit  to 
Guard  them,  that  after  they  were  sometime  gone,  Mr.  Welch  asked  the 
French  where  they  were  gone,  they  told  him  to  kill  Mr.  Holmes,  in  his 
Room  if  they  could,  that  in  the  night  two  Indians  returned  lo  where  they 
were  tied  &  were  led  in  that  condition  to  their  Cabbins.  That  in  the 
morning  1'Tth  May  they  had  contrived  to  gel  Mr.  Holmes  out  id'  the  foil, 
waylaid  &  killed  him  &  brought  his  scalp  to  the  Cabbins,  that  then  they 
called  out  Welch  and  the  two  Frenchmen  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene  who 
he  saw  no  more. 

Thomas  Cooper  a  soldier  in  the  60th  Regimenl  being  upon  Oath, 
Deposelh  he  was  taken  at  the  Depot  of  St.  Cayler  on  Lake  Erie  and  car- 
ried through  this  settlement  to  an  Indian  farm,  belonging  to  different 
Nations,  that  he  was  well  treated  by  the  Savages  during  his  Confinement 
&  did  not  see  a  Frenchman  all  the  time  he  was  pris r. 

N.  P..  The  two  Frenchmen  who  carried  oil  Welsh's  goods  and  nol 
known  by  Lawrence  must  be  known  by  Godfrey  and  Miney  Chene,  who 
were  there. 

James  Grant,  President. 

John  Christie,  H.  Pauli,  Ensigns  60th  Regt.  Members. 


gg.^  THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

Detroit,  16  February,  1764. 
I, ,,,.,„  told  the  Commandanl  in  mj  presence  thai  there  are  severals 
in  „li8  M-ttlemt-nl  making  Pettyaguar  in  order  to  run  off  in  the  Spring 
witb  U|l  their  grains,  to  the  Ellinois  &  thai  thai  several  of  them  had  called 
him  names  and  abused  him  for  hindring  them  from  striking  the  English 
Inst  rear,  and  driving  them  oul  of  the  country,  and  promised  to  bring 
their  ns w.  Jadean  returned  the  6th  March,  but  says  the  above  inten- 
tion was  owing  to  a  vagabond  from  Montreal  who  stays  in  the  settle- 
ment and  he  is  to  bring  him  into  the  Tort  as  soon  as  possible  with  Clare 
monl  who  is  to  discover  a  person  it.  the  Fort  who  had  sung  and  Danced 
the  War  Son-  and  Dance  with  the  Indians  the  Nighl  or  Day  before  the 

C mandanl  and  the  Garrison  were  to  be  murdered  in  Councill,  which 

,„.  told  Claremonl  the  intended  Massacre.  Jadeau  further  told  on  the 
said  6th  March,  thai  one  Predome  an  Inhabitant  abused  him  for  stop- 
pin-  some  young  Frenchmen  (forced  bj  Pondiac)  from  attacking  the  Ves- 
sel, be  further  says  that  old  Bean  an  Inhabitant  on  the  south  side  of  the 
River  (or  little  Cote)  is  one  of  the  worst  subjects  in  the  Colony. 

Thursday,  the  5th  April,  1764. 

Jadeau  further  told  me  in  Col.  Gladwins  room  &  presence,  that  Teala 
,l„.  ii,„(,!i  Chief  had  told  him  that  the  source  of  the  Indian  War,  was 
i, ,a  owing  to  any  Belts  or  Emissary  sent  amongst  the  Indian  Nations 
aboul  Detroil  by  the  Six  Nations  but  to  the  French,  who  had  been  con- 
stantly telling  them  thai  their  Father  had  come  and  taken  Quebec  & 
Montreal  &  they  were  coming  here  with  an  army  from  the  Illinois,  that 
they  would  be  angry  with  them  if  they  did  not  strike  the  English  and 
take  the  Fort,  ere  they  came,  thai  litis  was  the  argument  used  by  more 
than  two  thirds  of  the  settlement  to  stir  up  the  Indians  to  mischief. 

I  was  informed  by  Mr.  LeGrand  and  Monsieur  Dirrisseaux,  that  before 
Canada  was  taken  Pondiac  and  some  Chiefs  from  Detroit,  suspecting  a 
complete  conquesl  on  the  side  of  the  English  had  -one  down  to  Fort  Pitt 
and  the  other  Forts  on  the  Communication  towards  Pensylvania  enquir- 
ing thi  :i  they  would  have  should  the  English  succeed  to  which 
was  answered  that  first  all  the  Rivers  were  to  run  in  Rum,  that  presents 
from  this  -real  Kin-  were  in  he  unlimited,  that  all  sorts  of  goods  were  to 
be  in  the  utmost  plenty  and  so  cheap  as  a  Blanket  for  two  Beavers,  4 

8  taken  for  a  Beaver,  with  many  other  fair  promises  which  they 

told  in  the  settlement  on  their  return  with  much  insolence.     In  conse- 

quence  of  which  they  allowed  Rogers  with  a  handful  of  men  to  take  pos- 

ii  of  the  Fori  and  Colony,  receiving  him  with  joy,  and  using  Bel- 

letre  the  French  Commandanl  at  the  same  time  with  much  disrespect. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  663 

That  in  about  a  year  after  Pondiac  in  particular  had  been  heared  to  com- 
plain and  say  the  English  were  liars,  which  opinion  became  so  general, 
thai  a  long  time  before  they  openly  declared  themselves  in  arms,  a  gen- 
eral discontent  was  amongst  all  the  Nations,  and  the  chief  complain!  en 
that  of  the  prohibition  of  rum  and  that  the  English  took  six  Raccoons 
for  a  Beaver,  when  the  French  never  took  but  four,  with  many  other  com- 
plaints more  trifling  in  their  nature,  such  as  Annual  Congresses  pre 
mised  &c,  so  that  on  the  whole  they  say  all  the  pr.miis.-s  the  English 
made  were  no  other  than  to  blindfold  and  delude  them  for  which  they 
had  been  often  heard  to  say  they  would  kill  all  the  liars  and  give  their 
lands  to  their  Fathers. 

(Signed)  .1  urES  Grant. 

May  11,  1764. 

Mr.  Clairmont  told  Col.  Gladwin  in  the  presence  of  Capt.  Grant  &  Lt. 
Hay.  That  the  9th  day  of  May  1763  (being  near  the  Mouth  of  the  River 
Huron  getting  timber  where  was  also  Mr.  Massac  and  many  other 
Frenchmen)  at  three  in  the  morning  some  Indians  came  by  there  with  a 
licit  inviting  all  nations  of  Indians  they  met  to  fall  upon  the  English, 
wherever  they  found  them.  That  they  sung  the  War  Song  in  Mi-.  Mas- 
sac's house  or  Cabbin,  which  was  a  little  distance  from  his.  &  that  Mr. 
Massac  sung  with  them  &  when  he  struck  his  stroke  in  the  song  he  struck 
with  a  little  loaf  of  Bread.  Thai  one  Dunoir  and  one  Campeau  was 
present.  That  they  also  said  the  first  Council  that  was  to  he  held  in  the 
Fort  would  be  to  murder  all  the  English.  That  ahout  eighl  o'clock  the 
same  morning  Sir  Robert  Davers  and  Lt.  Robinson  came  there  in  a  Boat, 
to  whom  he  told  all  that  had  passed  and  desired  them  not  to  go  forward 
hut  rather  stay  with  him.  but  they  would  not  believe  anything  he  said 
and  went  on.  That  Mr.  Massack  went  oil' in  the  woods  ami  would  not  sec 
Sr.  Robert.  That  about  ten  he  heard  the  report  of  some  guns  toward  tin 
Lake  &  between  three  and  tour  in  the  afternoon  the  Indians  came  hack 
and  brought  their  scalps.  Massack  then  said  he  did  not  think  they  would 
have  killed  them,  &  he  was  sorn  for  his  fault.  Clermont  then  told  him 
it  was  necessary  somebody  should  go  and  acquaint  the  Commandant  of 
what  had  passed,  upon  which  Massac  desired  him  to  come  along,  hut 
Clermont  then  asked  him  he  could  go  who  had  nobody  hut  a  child  to  lake 
care  of  his  House,  and  you  have  four  or  live  men.  Cut  since  you  will  not 
go  without  me  I  will  go  by  myself,  when  Massack  saw  that  he  went  off 
&  Clermont  imagined  came  to  inform  of  what  had  passed,  it  was  then 
about  five  in  the  afternoon,  the  9th  May. 

On  Tuesday  the  5th  June,  L764,  Mr.  Jadeau  informed  me  in  the  pre 

sence  of  Col.  Gladwin  and  Lieut.  Hay  thai  i  Lesperame,  a  Frenchman 

on  his  way  from  the  Illinois  he  saw  a  letter  with  the  Oltawas.  al   the 
Miamis  River,  he  is  sure  wrote  b\  one  Baptist  Campeau  ia  deserter  from 


I  !![•:   GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

.  ttlemenl  of  Detroit)  and  Bigned  bj  Pondiac,  tlie  Savage  from  the 
Illinois  Betting  forth,  Thai  there  were  Five  hundred  English  coming  to 
tllt.  [|]  the  Ottawasat  Miamis,  must  have  patience  that 

ndiac  was  nol  to  return  until  he  had  defeated  the  English  &  then  he 
would  'hum-  wild  an  Army  from  the  Illinois  to  take  Detroit,  which  he 
desired  thej  mighl  publish  to  all  the  Nations  about.  That  Poudar  and 
Ball  was  in  as  greal  plenty  as  water.  That  the  French  Commissary  La 
Cleff  had  sold  about  Forty  Thousand  weight  of  Powdar  to  the  Inhabi- 
tants, thai  the  English,  if  they  came,  might  not  get  it.  There  was 
another  letter  on  the  subject  senl  to  an  Inhabitant  of  Detroit,  but  can't 
tell  in  whose  hand  it  is.  Jadeau  further  said  that  Lesperame  told  him 
that  Pondiac  on  his  way  to  the  Illinois  this  Spring,  at  Miamis,  found 
then-  some  English  Prisoners,  one  of  whom  had  beat  a  Chief  of  that 
Place.  That  Pondiac  told  them  they  must  bum  him,  and  on  non-Com- 
pliance  he  threatened  to  destroy  their  Nation,  on' which  threat  that 

Prisoner  was  burned  and  another  shot. 

Signed,  James  Grant. 


July  9th,  1764. 

This  day  a  small  partj  of  Potawatainies  arrived  here  who  informed 
thai  an  Indian  was  come  from  the  Illinois  to  St.  Josephs  who  informed 
them  thai  he  was  in  Council  with  Pondiac  there.  That  Mr.  Deneyon 
told  him  he  was  glad  to  see  him  &  hoped  that  his  sences  were  come  to 
him.  Pondiac  then  took  a  large  Bell  and  laid  it  before  him  saying,  My 
Pai her.  the  reason  of  my  journey  is  to  get  you  &  all  your  allies  to  join 
with  me  to  go  againsl  the  English,  upon  which  Mr.  DeNeyon  took  the 
Bell  and  told  him.  Your  speech  much  surprises  me  as  I  doubt  not  but 
you  have  ree'd  my  mi  ssage,  w  herein  I  informed  you,  the  French  and  Eng- 
lish were  bin  one.  i hen  returned  the  Belt.  Pondiac  then  took  the  Belt 
again  and  importuned  Mr.  DeNeyon  several  times  on  the  same  subject,  at 
lasi  Mr.  DeNeyon  grew  angry  and  kicked  ii  from  him,  asking  liim  if  he 
had  nol  alreadj  beared  what  he  said  to  him.  Ho  then  addressed  him- 
self to  the  Illinois  Indians  and  told  them,  they  saw  him  that  day  in  the 
Fori  but  perhaps  they  would  see  their  Brothers  the  English  next,  and 
exhorted  them  to  live  in  amity  with  them,  which  he  made  no  doubt  of  as 

their  sentiments  were  very  u 1.     Pondiac  then  asked  for  Hum  &  De 

S'eyou  gave  him  a  small  Barrell,  which  he  look  to  one  of  the  Illinois  Vil- 
lages, and  with  a  Red  Pelt  exhorted  them  to  sing  the  War  Song  with 
him.  which  some  of  them  did,  bin  were  very  sorry  for  it  when  they  were 
sober.  The  Indian  thai  brought  u,is  says  that  before  he  left  the  Illinois 
he  saw  Hirer  English  officers,  who  were  senl  on  before,  the  Army  being 
bui  a  little  waj  behind  with  a  large  Body  of  Indians. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  f,65 

June  10th,  1764. 
This  day  Teata,  a  Wiandotl  Chief  of  this  Place,  arrived  herefrom  San- 
dusky where  he  had  been  to  carry  Sir  William  Johnson's  Speech,  who 
says  that  after  he  delivered  il  and  Iefl  it  to  their  Deliberation,  The  Greal 
Chief  (Big  Jaw)  got  up  and  thanked  him  for  the  trouble  he  had  been  at  to 
bring  it  and  immediately  the  whole  wenl  out.     After  he  had  delivered 

tne  sl ch  he  says  he  advised  them  to  come  to  their  senses,  but  in  case 

they  did  not  it  was  their  affair.  Four  days  after  they  came  back  and 
desired  Teata  to  come  and  hear  what  they  had  to  say'  in  answer.  The 
first  Belt  they  pave  him  was  a  repetition  of  Sir  Williams  speech.  Then 
they  took  another.  Savin-  Sr  William  asks  the  reason  why  we  struck 
against  the  English,  we  think  he  ought  to  knew  better  than  anybody; 
yes  said  they,  it  is  Sr  William  that  ought  to  know,  but  since  the  Senecas 
have  made  Peace  with  him,  and  the  English,  tell  him  it  was  them  thai 
just  embroiled  the  Earth  and  were  the  first  cause  of  what  has  been  done. 
Gave  a  Belt.  They  then  took  another  Belt  and  said.  Sr.  William  and  the 
Six  Nations  want  that  we  should  own  our  folly  and  find  words  to  excuse 
ourselves  that  we  may  be  again  set  right.  You'll  tell  him  by  this  Belt 
which  you  are  charged  to  deliver  to  him  that  lor  what  is  past  is  past, 
that  we  have  yet  done  no  harm  since  last  summer,  we  have  kept  our 
i'oung  Men  quiet  for  which  reason  we  think  the  breach  may  be  easily 
mended;  and  tell  him  also  we  shall  keep  them  quiet  this  summer  when 
we  think  we  shall  be  reconciled.  The  two  Mohawks  who  are  come  witli 
Teata  say  that  they  were  told  by  the  Ilurons  of  Sandusky  that  they 
would  not  tell  Teata  the  result  of  a  Council  they  had  had  with  the  Shaw 
nees,  which  was  that  they  were  to  try  to  take  Fort  Pitt  by  Treachery, 
and  if  they  failed  there,  were  to  go  against  the  Inhabitants  on  the  Pron 
tier.  One  of  them  further  says  that  before  lie  left  the  ]  tela  wares  Towns 
he  saw  thirty  small  parties  go  out  who  were  all  intend  to  go  to  our  fron- 
tiers. They  both  also  say  that  the  Hurous  at  Sandusky  laughed  at  Teata 
behind  his  back  and  (tilled  him  fool  for  believing  what  Sir  William  said 
and  bringing  such  a  message.  That  tho  he  said  they  should  be  friends, 
it  can  never  be  mil  ill  all  the  English,  except  Traders,  go  from  this  Place, 
meaning  Detroit,  and  then  we  believe  we  shall  agree.  That  their  tied 
tells  them  they  must  make  War,  ..x  no  Peace  for  ten  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  by  the  force  of  treachery  during  that  time  all  the  English  will  be 
drove  away  &  then  (hey  will  have  Pea'  e  ^x  no!  till  then.  That  the  Dela- 
wares  and  Shawnees  and  Ilurons  of  Sandusky  all  say  the  English  are 
fools,  that  they  can  make  friends  with  us  when  they  please  and  Toiu.i 
hawk  us  the  next  day.  That  the  English  always  told  them  they  had  as 
many  men  as  there  were  leaves  on  the  trees;  but  we  look  upon  one  Indian 
as  good  as  a  thousand  of  them,  anil  notwithstanding  we  are  but  mice  in 
comparison    to    them,    we    will    kick   its    much    as    they   can.     The    two 


THE   GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

,.ks  further  Bay  thai  the  Hurons  a1  Sandusky  told  them  they  were 
sorry  thai  Sir  \\  illiam  Johnson  was  coming  here,  as  they  imagined 
by  that,  he  wanted  to  have  his  Bones  here.  They  also  say  that,  while  they 
were  at  the  Shawaney  Village,  the  French  from  the  Mississippi  sent 
them  a  Presenl  of  Powder,  of  which  thej  saw  three  Barrels.  That  the 
Onondagoes  whom  Sir  William  sent  against  the  Shawanies  came  to  one 
of  these  \  Mages,  where  they  were  asked  what  they  came  for;  they  said 
we  come  to  scalp  you ;  Then  one  Kayoughshoutong  said,  here,  take  these, 
giving  them  two  old  scalps,  that  he  had  newly  painted,  go  home  and  tell 
Sir  William  yon  have  scalped  two  Shawanese;  upon  which  they  returned, 
that  the  above  mentioned  Indian  was  the  cause  of  their  not  striking 
against  the  shawanese.  I'.ni  it  was  not  so  wit  h  the  Tuscororsco  for  they 
lost  three  men.  Mr.  St.  .Martin,  Interpreter,  told  Col.  Gladwin  several 
Times,  that  the  Burons  of  this  Place,  told  him,  that  if  Feace  was  made 
with  the  Delawares,  Shawanese  and  Burons  of  Sandusky  that  it  would 

be  neither  g 1  nor  lasting. 

I  Henry  Host  wick,  Residenl  at  the  Fort  of  Michilimackinac  the  2d 
June  1763,  declare  thai  I  saw  Mr.  Sans  chagarine  of  the  Fort  of  Michili- 
mackinac standing  at  the  l> ■  of  His  House  at  the  Time  the  Indians 

were  murdering  the  Soldiers,  with  the  Door  open,  and  I  saw  a  soldier 
running  inwards  the  House  for  Shelter  and  the  Indians  after  him,  but  as 

b as  he  came  near  the  Door,  they  shut  it  against  him,  which  gave  the 

Indians  time  to  strike  him  with  his  Hatchet ;  upon  receiving  the  Flow  he 
fell  forward  with  so  much  force  againsl  the  Door  that  He  broke  it  open. 
1  then  wenl  into  my  Carrel  and  hid  myself  under  some  Baggs  of  Corn 
and  sunn  after  my  house  was  broke  open  and  they  began  to  plunder:  I 
-aw  the  I'any  slave,  belongin  to  Arngott,  the  Smyth,  plundering  in  the 
Chamber  with  the  Rest.  After  the  affair  was  over  I  demanded  Argott  to 
return  me  what  his  slave  had  plundered  from  Me;  He  told  me  what  he 
had  go1  was  safe,  hut  he  would  not  then  return  them.  I  also  saw  in  my 
-arret  the  son  of  Monsr  Cardin,  named  Eance,  taking  the  corn  out  of  my 
Chamber  into  another  adjoining  his.  When  he  came  to  the  Corn  that 
■  d  me.  I  directed  him  to  speak  to  the  Indians  to  save  my  life,  but  he 
called  in  one  of  them  and  made  a  motion  with  his  mouth  towards  mo. 
a-  myself  in  such  an  unhappy  situation  I  went  towards  an  Indian, 
that  I  knew,  and  put  myself  in  his  hands,  at  the  same  time  the  other 
Indians  mad.-  a  stroke  at  my  head,  with  his  Hatchet,  which  I  fended  off 
with  nn  arm.  and  the  Indian.  I  spoke  to  to  protect  me,  saved  me  from  all 
other  attempts.  During  the  whole  time  the  Frenchman  came  not  to  my 
I   was  not  in  many  of  their  Houses  after,  hut  in  every  one 

where  I  was,  I  saw  either  i; s  or  Peltry.     I  saw  in  tic  House  of  Forti, 

""'  Interpreter,  three  Packs,  which  belonged  to  me,  the  first   Day;  the 
Daj  following  1  saw  his  Servants  bringing  into  his  House  Corn,  Pork  and 


THE  GLADWIN  MANUSCRIPTS.  667 

other  things  which  I  supposed  came  oul  of  the  King's  store,  as  ii  was  al 
thai  time  opened.  I  likewise  saw  Powder  broughl  in  from  the  Maga- 
zines. At  Monsr  Langlads,  Senr,  I  saw  one  Pack  which  he  would  not 
give  me,  for  Four  of  affronting  the  Indians,  who  lefl  il  with  Him.  He 
told  mo  he  had  traded  several  of  my  Packs  and  would  trade  all  thai  came 
in  his  way,  us  if  was  no  matter  to  him  where  they  gol  them.  Arablin, 
likewise  (old  mo,  ho  had  boughl  very  cheap  of  the  Indians  some  of  my 
stockings,  and  other  Things.  I  told  Him  1  would  ho  -lad  to  give  Him 
what  they  cost  him,  if  ho  would  Id  mo  haw  I hom  again,  because  I  had 
none  to  wear.  He  told  Me  he  go1  thorn  for  His  own  Use  and  nol  to  sell, 
and  that  He  wou'd  wear  lino  stockings  as  well  us  1,  and  I  heard  him  say 
that  every  person  got  something. 

Sworn  before  mo  on  (ho  Holy  Evangelist  this  L3th  Day  of  Augt.  L763, 
at  Montreal. 

Daniel  Disney, 

Town  Major. 

I  Edward  Chim  declare  that  on  the  16th  day  of  July,  17(i.:,  Joseph 
Tessuo  a  Person  employ'd  in  I  ho  service  of  Howard,  Chim  &  Bostwick, 
came  to  mo  and  demanded  to  ho  released  from  his  service.  We  being 
much  in  want  of  Assistance  cou'd  nol  comply  with  His  Request,  ami  lie 
wonl  immediately  and  took  away  a  pack  of  Peltry  ami  never  came  near 
us  after. 

Sworn  before  me  on  the  Holy  Evangelist  this  13th  Day  of  Augt.  IT*;::  at 
Montreal. 

Daniel  Disney, 

Town  Major. 

I  Ezekiel  Solomon,  Resideni  in  the  Fort  of  Michilimackinac  al  the 
time  it  was  surprized  by  (lie  Savages,  declare  that  on  the  2d  day  of  June 
a  Frenchman,  Mens.  Cote,  entered  my  House  several  Times  and  carried 
from  thence  several  Parcels  of  Goods,  my  Property.  And  also  an 
Indian  named  Sanpear  carried  the  Peltry  from  my  House  to  the  House 
of  Aimable  Deniviere  in  whose  (iarret  I  was  (hen  concealed.  I  owed 
Monsr  Ariek  a  sum  of  money,  bul  at  the  time  Hi'  demanded  il  the  pay- 
ment was  not  become  due,  and  I  refused  to  pay  Him  till  the  Time  I  had 
contracted  for;  but  he  told  me  if  I  did  not  pay  it  he  would  take  it  by 
force:  I  told  him,  the  Command ing  Officer  would  prevenl  that,  &  he 
replyed  that  the  Commanding  Officer  was  nothing,  and  thai  he  Himself 
was  Commanding  Officer.     Sworn,  &c,  14th  Aug.,  1763,  before  me. 

Dane  Disney, 

Town  Major. 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

I    Ezekiel  Solomon,  Resident   in  the  Fori  of  Michilimackinac  at  the 
time  ii  was  Burprized  by  the  savages  declare  that  on  the  second  day  of 
I      nchman,  Monsieur  Cote,  entered  my  house  several  times 
.,,,,1  carried  from  thence  several  parcels  of  Goods,  my  property.      * 

of  Garrit,  Rosel a.  Tunis,  Fischer,  Cummin,  Shields 

.,,,,1  \\  m.  Bruce,  Merch's  from  LaBay,  as  taken  upon  <>ath  before  a  C i 

luirj  al  ill"  Detroil  the  lili  day  of  .Inly  17(14. 
,.,,ii.  COth  Reg.,  President. 

Lieu  HcDougal,  GO  Regt.  Lieut.  Richard  Williams,  60th  Regt. 

Membi 

ii  Rosel in  declares  dial  aboul  the  latter  end  of  April,  17i;:i.  he 

going  from  the  liny  to  the  Soaks  to  look  for  his  Partnr  Abrahh 
Lancing  who  had  been  up  there,  being  told  thai  he  was  killed,  that  on  his 
way  he  mel  some  Indians  coming  down  with  some  Packs,  which  lie  knew 
i,.  I,,-  his,  and  which  they  said  he  might  have  for  paying  the  carriage; 
Thai  both  the  French  and  Indians  told  him,  Mr.  Lancing  and  his  son 
were  killed  by  two  Frenchmen,  Tibot  &  Cardinal,  both  servts  of  Mr. 
Lancing,  who.  they  had  been  told,  upon  the  above  Murder  made  their 
escape  io  the  Illinois:  thai  on  his  return  to  the  Bay  he  found  Mr.  Garrit 
Mini  the  Garrison  there,  and  came  with  them  to  Michilimackinac,  leaving 

his  g Is  in  possession  of  one  .Ionian,  a  Frenchman  and  an  Inhabitant 

:ii  Ik,'  Bay;  thai  when  he  returned  from  Michilimackinac  with  the 
Indians  to  I. a  Bay,  he  found  sum,-  of  his  goods  taken  away.  He  thinks 
nid  .Mr.  Fisher's  Io  I  he  value  of  lid  pounds,  wh.  lie  said  was  stolen 
l>\  the  Indians,  hut  Mr.  Roseboom  declares  he  saw  his  goods  wore  by 
.Ionian's  Family  afterwards.  That  the  Indians  had  often  told  him  that 
the  French  at    I  □    particular  Goalie,  the   Interpreter,  to   Mr. 

('.unit,  and  Langlad  his  Son  in  Law  Sourinii  had  told  thou  there  was  an 
open  war  between  the  English  and  French;  That  the  French  would  send 
the  Indians  ammunition  enough  &  if  they  went  down  amongst  the  Eng- 
lish tiny  would  pin  poison  in  their  Rum,  which  he  was  sure  prevented 
t  he  Indians  from  coming  down  much  sooner,  and  declares  from  the  treat- 
ment He  and  the  resl  of  tin-  English  Traders  received,  and  the  lyes  pro- 
edby  1  he  French  at  La  Kay,  among  the  Indians,  such  as  the  English 
being  all  killed,  an  open  war  with  the  French,  the  French  Fleets  and 
Armies  being  al  Quebec  and  the  Mississippi,  he  thinks  these  Inhabitants 
were  very  had  subjects,  except  one  Ducharm,  a  Montreal  Merchant,  who 
had  come  there  last  Fall,  ami  who  treated  him  very  well,  and  to  his 
knowledge  had  often  endeavored  to  persuade  the  Indians,  not  to  believe 
all  that  was  told  them  llial  it  was  all  a  lye.  \Y  Tuenis  Fisher,  being 
'"'  Compy  with  the  aforesaid  Deponanl  at  La  Bay,  declares  that  the 
Deposition  above  consists  literally,  with  his  knowledge,  therefore  con- 
lini>-  the  Truth  thereof;  Mr.  Cummin  Shields  declares  that  he,  being  at 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  669 

La  Hay  all  last  winter,  frequently  heard  (understanding  the  French  lan- 
guage) the  Lyes  propogated  to  disturb  the  Indians,  as  alreadj  declared 

>'.v  Ji"s''1 "I  and  Fisher,  and  further  thai  he  heard  Voung  Langlad  say 

before  him  and  De  Chann,  thai  there  were  1000  English  killed  al  the 
Portage  of  Niagara,  500  Inhabitants  on  the  back  Settlements  killed,  and 
that  some  ( tovernor,  he  does  aol  remember  who.  had  been  so  hard  pushed 
by  the  Savages  thai  he  had  go1  shipping  ready  to  carry  him  and  his 
People  away,  and  abandon  his  province;  I  hat  the  Dauphin  of  Fiance 
being  displeased  with  the  Peace  concluded  by  his  Father,  had  arrived  in 
the  Mississippi  with  a  large  Fleet,  and  that  the  Indians  would  he  sup 
plied  from  that  quarter  with  all  necessaries  that  they  would  want:  All 
this  he  declared  to  have  read  in  a  news  paper  which  came  up  to  the 
Priest.  That  a  Frenchman  named  Knasb  Bray,  who  lived  with  He 
Charm  told  him,  the  Deponant,  thai  he  beared  Sourini  say  to  DeCharm 
he  would  give  20  packs  if  there  never  should  another  Englishman  come 
there.     William  Bruce  declares  that  in  the  Spring  L763  hearing  Michili- 

mackinac  was  taken,  he  came  down  from  The  Bay  and  left   his  g Is  in 

the  care  of  one  LeDeuke,  a  Frenchman;  that  when  he  returned  he  found 
they  were  all  taken  away.  LeDeuke  said  by  the  Indians.  That  l,he 
Indians  who  were  with  him  at  Michilimackinac  asked  the  two  chiefs  who 
were  left  there,  how  they  could  permit  their  young  men  to  do  this;  that 
they  said  that  LeDeuke  had  robbed  the  goods  himself  ami  desired  that 
they  (the  Indians)  shou'd  take  them  as  the  English  a1  .Michilimackinac 
were  all  killed,  other  Indians  wou'd  come  and  take  I  hem.  t  hat  it  was  well 
they  might  have  them;  That  he  did  not  after  find  a  in  of  his  Goods  in 
Possession  of  LeDeuke,  hut  that  he  carried  on  a  Trade  with  the  Indians 
all  Winter,  and  to  his  knowledge  he  had  no  Goods  before  he  the  Depo- 
nant, was  pillaged,  which  the  other  opponents  affirm,  nor  any  method, 
which  they  could  see,  by  which  they  might  come  at  goods,  except  by  pil- 
laging; That  in  Septembr  1763,  there  was  a  letter  sent  up  to  LaBay  from 
tin'  Priest  at  Michilimackinac  by  one  Mastoc,  that  there  had  been  till) 
English  and  the  General  who  came  with  them  killed  at  Detroit,  this 
letter  was  directed  to  old  Langlad.  who  he.  the  Deponant  saw  read  1  he 
letter  to  the  Indians.  That  about  the  latter  end  of  Sept  a  Chief  of  the 
Soaks  had  brought  him  up  called  Lewis  Constance  &  at  the  Benards 
rastle,  a"n  Indian,  told  him  he  was  come  from  LaBay  with  a  letter  from 
Gaolie,  the  Interpreter,  to  one  LeBeace,  telling  him  that  there  were 
officers  from  France  who  had  come  with  a  large  Fleet  commanded  by  the 
Dauphin,  &c,  and  that  the  Governor  of  Quebec  had  offered  these  officers 
a  Purse  of  Money  for  their  News,  that  soon  after  the  Fleet  was  seen,  and 
that  Quebec  and  Montreal  would  soon  be  taken,  being  no  more  than  500 
men  in  Each,  which  news  immediately  spread  among  the  Indians,  who 
were  there  al  the  time  in  great  numbers;  that  the  Santows,  Ottawas, 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

I  -  ; .  1 1 .  l  Puonts  gave  a  Good  Deal  of  Credit  to  il  having  a  few  days 
before  i  Bell  from  the  [ndians  aboul   Detroil  (o  come  to  War 

against  the  English,  bul  thai  the  Soaks  and  the  Folleasoines  could  not 
believe  it ;Tha1  at  the  Soaks  Castle  the  Indians  told  him,  the  Deponant, 
ill.-  French  there  intended  to  kill  him,  on  which  they  called  a  council  and 
brought  the  French  to  it,  and  told  them  if  they  killed  the  Englishman 

Frenchman  should  die  with  Him,  this  had  been  told  him  by  the 
Indians  to  whom  the  French  had  discovered  their  intentions;  the  Names 
of  the  French  on  the  above  Voyage  up  the  Tovis  Constance  were,  Martoc, 
Jordan  &  Sabeau,  Rivier  St.  Tier.  Hon.  Fontasil,  Harness.  Lafortain,  the 
three  flrst  discovering  all  the  marks  of  had  subjects  and  disaffection  to 
i  he  English  in  their  whole  behaviour;  Thai  he  hear'd  St.  Pier  say  that 

bad  wrote  such  a  letter  as  the  Interpreter  wrote  to  Sabeau,  he 
ivo'd  expeel  to  be  hanged  if  ever  he  went  among  the  English;  That  St. 
Tier.  Rivier,  and  Fontasie  did  all  they  could  to  prevent  the  Indians  from 
believing  the  letter  above,  that  in  the  opening  the  Mississippi  River  his 
Chief  ask.d  the  Deponanl  if  these  Lands  did  belong  to  the  English;  he 
said  they  did,  bu1  La  I  lean  immediately  contradicted  him  and  said  it  was 
a  I  ye,  and  thai  all  was  false  thai  the  English  officers  had  told  him,  the 
Chief,  in  saying  i1  was  Peace  between  the  English  &  French.  There  was 
no  such  thing,  and  repeated  the  contents  of  Goalie's  Letter  to  the  Indians. 
That  when  they  had  comedown  the  Mississippi  River  about  ten  days  the 
Indians  told  him  thai  St.  Pier  and  the  other  French  there  had  sent  a 
Petition  to  the  Commandanl  of  the  Illinois,  the  <  Jontents  of  wh.  he  cou'd 
not  justlj  tell,  hui  he  was  informed  ii  began  in  acquainting  them,  they 
ad  killed  the  English  a1  Michilimackinac  and  had  not  forgot  their  old 

:s,  that  one  Bonfoi  was  hearer  of  said  Petition,  that  he  was  happy 
in  being  told  on  the  return  to  the  Petition  the  Commdt  had  ordered  them 
to  have  off,  .V  noi  to  kill  any  English,  that  in  killing  them  they  killed  the 
French,  the}  being  one  people.  That  the  JVnse,  I teynards  &  Soaks  wrote 
down  this  Spring  with  the  other  Nations  to  .Montreal  for  goods  but  were 
prevented  \<\  one  LeVorn  who  came  from  the  Illinois,  and  told  them  if 
thej  wein  down  the  English  would  hang  them,  and  cut  off  their  heads; 

Thai  thej  had  Plenty  of  G Is  at  the  Illinois  wh.  he  would  bring  them; 

Thai  la-  and  other  Frenchmen  wenl  off  to  Illinois  for  said  Goods  wh. 
hindered  said  Indians  from  bringing  down  their  Peltry.  That  Goalie 
had  told  the  Indians,  thai  the  Genl.  had  sd  he  cou'd  hang  Capt.  Ethring 
ton  if  he  had  a  mind,  bul  he  would  semi  him  to  His  Majesty. 

. I  ames  Grant, 

•  1  GORGE    McDoUGAL, 

Rioh'd  Williams. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  671 

COPY  OF  A  SPEECH    SENT    BY   THE   SHAWANESE,   DATED    LOWEB   SHAWANX  TOWN 

•IUNE  24,  1761. 

Friends  and  Brothers: 

We  the  Shawanese  Qever  intend  to  he  at  Variance  wtli  our  Brs  the 
English,  That  it  is  altogether  yr  own  Faults,  formerly  when  a  Number  of 
our  Nations  was  going  to  War  agl  our  Enemies  (lie  Catabas  and  was 
oblig'd  to  travel  through  .vo.n-  Country,  then  you  laid  Violence  on  some 
el  our  Warriors  &  killed  them.  Brethren,  you  have  this  War,  ask,,]  for 
a  Peace,  but  don't  blame  us,  hut  yourselves  for  our  prosecuting  the  war 
against  you  as  we  have  done. 

Brethren  now  be  strong  and  let  your  hearts  he  good  as  ours  the 
Shawanese  are  and  let  you  and  us  unanimously  to  agree  in  Cultivating  a 
lasting  Peace  will,  each  other,  and  in  order  to  confirm  that  Friendship, 
you  must  erect  no  more  Forts  on  our  Ground.  Brs  when  ye  went  to  take 
Possession  of  Fort  Detroit,  we  cautioned  you  against  it ;  we  told  you  the 
Indians  inhabiting  that  pari  of  the  Country  were  not  well,  but  ill  (lis 
posed  towards  you,  which  you  have  since  found  to  ho  true.  Yr  tirsf  work 
when  you  arrived  there  was  to  build  a  Fort;  this  none  of  us  liked,  and 
that  was  one  Chief  Reason  for  our  entering  into  a  War  against  you,  as 
we  had  sufficient  reason  to  Hunk  you  intended  taking  our  country  from 
Fs. 

Brothers,  now  ho  strong  and  Id  us  think  of  making  a  firm  and  lasting 
Peace  with  each  other;  We  your  Friends,  the  Shawanese,  will  help  you 
all  in  our  power,  the  Delawares,  Six  Nations  &  Wyandotts  will  join  us  in 
so  good  a  work.  Brethren,  wo  must  again  excuse  ourselves  for  enter- 
ing into  this  present  War  and  look  upon  ourselves  as  blameless  for  it  is 
done.  We,  and  the  Delawares,  Six  Nations  &  Wyandotts  are  heartily 
sorry  for  it,  and  think  it  a  Pity  to  prosecute  it,  any  further,  as  we  think 
our  Numbers  full  aide  to  oppose  t  hose  of  the  English:  At  the  beginning 
of  the  War  We  the  Shawanese  were  well  disposed  towards  you.  our 
hearts  were  good  and  are  so  still,  and  hope  our  Brs  the  English  are  the 
same.  We  wth  the  Six  Nations  vV  Wyandotts  have  no  had  thoughts 
within  Fs  &  seem  well  inclined  lo  renew  our  ancient  Friendship  wth  our 
Brs  the  English.  Last  Summer  we  went  wth  the  Delawares,  Six  Nations 
&  Wyandots  to  Fori  Pitt,  wth  a  full  intent  Lo  accomodate  Matters,  but 
as  we  approached  that  Garrison  We  were  tired  upon  wth  their  Cannon, 
wh  obliged  us  to  retire  without  talking  to  our  Brs,  and  our  Foolish  Young 
Men  remained  there  to  fighl  against  I  lie  Fori.  Brs  We  have  collected 
now  everything  we  have  to  inform  you  of  at  this  Time.  When  our  Friend 
Mr.  Smallman  was  given  to  us  by  another  Nation,  we  thoughl  then  he 
might  he  a  useful  person  when  we  should  come  on  Speaking  terms,  to 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 

s  between  L's;  we  are  now  sending  him  to  perform  that 
,.iil,  a  proper  interpreter  &  a  Copy  of  the  Letter  &  make  no  doubt 
Brothers  «ill  again  lake-  rjs  into  Favour  bul  they  will  not  detain 

him. 

BPBECH   OF  THE  SIN   NATIONS.  JUNE  24.    1761. 

We  having  this  day  mel  in  Council  &  having  weighed  talked  Matters 
onclude  we  are  not  in  the  fault  for  entering  intoaWaragl  You;  bul 
thai  you  are  entirely  to  blame.  We  told  you,  our  Brs,  when  you  went  to 
..ii  theLake,  thai  it  was  a  dangerous  undertaking,  which  you 
since  experienced  &  found  to  be  true.  We  know  very  well  you  blame 
us  for  wt  is  past. but  if  you  consider  things  rightly  &  do  us  justice  you  must 
needs  think  the  Fault  lies  among  yourselves;  the  Indians  inhabiting  all 
this  large  country  weir  greatly  dissatisfied,  having  repeatedly  told  Sr 
Wm.  Johnson  to  withdraw  his  men  and  demolish  the  fortifications, 
.1  <>ii  our  Ground.  When  we  saw  all  other  Nations  rising  to  defend 
themselves  and  their  Country,  We  thoughl  LI  expedient  and  our  interest 
i«>  join  them,  of  which  you  had  timely  notice.  When  you  saw  this,  that 
yr  Brethren  the  Six  Nations  had  taken  up  Anus  against  you.  then  you 
solicited  for  a  Peace,  wh.  Sr.  Wm.  Johnson  has  been  successful  in  obtain- 
ing, new  thai  we  sir  Mm  in cl ina  1  ile  to  a  Peace  wth  us  as  Yr  Brethren, 
the  Six  Nations  gives  us  greal  Pleasure  as  we  find  ourselves  well  dis- 
pose] in  enter  into  our  former  Love  i\  Friendship  wth  you.  You  told  us 
in  be  strong,  &  thai  you  would  be  in  good  understanding  with  us,  wh 
pleases  much  all  the  neighboring  Nations  of  Indians  this  Way,  you  have 
told  us  to  be  strong  &  the  Peace  lasting ;  &  if  the  Shawanese  &  Dela  wares 
wd  accepl  of  the  same  they  slid  have  it.  They  now  agree  to  it  and  hope 
■  ii  on  your  parts  as  'tis  on  Theirs.  &  within  their  Hearts  that  the 
Brethren,  the  English,  have  no  mind  any  to  deceive  them.  Therefore 
Brethren  be  ye  strong  also  and  lei  this  Peace  be  a  desirable  one.  Should 
you  first  violate  it  there  is  a  Good  and  a  ....  bear  Witness  to  it 
&  punish  you  should  you  prove  faithless.  We  do  not,  Brs,  only  talk  for 
ourselves,  hut  also  for  the  Shawanese  and  Delawares  &  Wyandots,  who 
think  as  We  do.  that  you  should  do  this  in  yr  Hearts,  as  they  &  We  will 
observe  on  our  Parts:  the  Peace  that  shall  now  be  made  shall  never  be 
broken  on  either  side,  then  let  us  both  rallies  be  strong  and  think  of 
nothing  bul  what  is  good. 

Brothers,  think  maturely  upon  this;  do  not  imagine  that  what  is  inti- 
mated comes  from  the  mouth  only.     Tis  with  all  Truth  &  Sincerity  from 
the  Ibai  i  ;  besides,  we  speak  for  all  Indians  in  this  Country,  &  are  taking 
pains  to  communicate  this  G 1  \\  ork  to  all  the  Western  Nations. 


THE  CLAD  WIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  673 

MONCKTON    TO   GLADWIN. 

Fori  Pitt,  July  26,  1760. 
Sir:  This  will  be  delivered  you  by  <  'olonel  Bouquet — Who  has  the  com 
mand  of  a  detachment,  consisting  of  400  men  of  the  Lsl  Batn  R.  A.  R. 

under  Majr  Walters,  for  the  relief  of  Niagra,  and  of  LOO  Virginians  to 
take  Post  at  Presque  Isle. 

By  a  copy  of  Genl.  Amherst's  letter  to  you,  I  find,  sir,  that  immediately 
upon  the  arrival  of  the  Americans  at  Presque  Isle,  you  are  to  embark  and 
transport  them  across  the  Lake.  But  as  I  have  not  as  yet  been  able  to 
get  up  any  of  the  Pensilvaniae  Provincials,  in  time  to  inarch  with  this 
detachment;  (though  I  expect  some  in  this  day)  and  the  100  Virginians 
may  not  be  sufficient  to  keep  that  Post,  till  the  arrival  of  the  Pensil- 
vanians,  (which  I  am  hopeful  will  be  at  Presque  Isle  in  two  days  after 
this  detachment  as  1  shall  send  them  off  immediately)  I  should  be  glad, 
if  it  would  be  of  no  detriment  to  the  service,  thai  150  or  less,  of  the 
Americans,  or  of  your  own  detachment,  might  be  left — I  think  for  two 
days  almost — till  the  arrival  of  the  reinforcement.  The  more  so  as  1 
suppose  they  will  he  able  to  join  you.  before  you  can  get  your  whale 
boats  back  across  the  carrying  place.  This  you  will  consult  upon  with 
Colonel  Bouquet,  who  is  to  fix  that  Post.  Besides,  sir,  the  boats  that 
will  take  them  after  you,  may  be  those  you  are  directed  to  leave  by  the 
•  iiiils  instructions  to  you,  for  keeping  up  the  communication  between 
Niagra  and  Presque  Isle. 

1  should  be  glad,  sir,  of  your  remarks  on  the  distance  of  your  crossing 
the  Lake,  of  any  harbours  or  creeks,  you  may  have  put  into,  and  of  the 
shore;  likewise  of  the  situation  of  the  ground  where  the  French  store 
stood,  below  the  Falls. 
I  am, 

Sir, 

Your  most  obedient 

&  Hum.  Sent., 

RoHT.    MONCKTON. 

Major  Gladwin,  of  the  80th  Regt. 

AMHERST   TO   GLADWIN. 

New  York,  21st  March,  1762. 
Sir:  Your  letter  of  the  24th  and  2oth  February.  Containing  Some  fur- 
ther Discoveries  You  had  made  concerning  Hie  Indian  plot,  came  to  my 
hands  last  Night. 

You  will  see  by  mine  of  the  17th  instant,  in  Answer  to  yours  ol  the  4tb 
ultimo,  that  I  could  not  give  credit  to  the  Indian's  intelligence;  and   I 
85 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCEE 

mU8l  ,,,,,:.  --  i  am  Mill  of  the  same  way  of  thinking,  and  imagine  the 
whole  will  appear  to  Lave  arisen  from  Sour-  Drunkenness  among  them- 

I  However  approve  of  your  using  all  the  means  in  Your  power  to  Come 
n1  the  Truth  of  this  Affair;  and  of  Your  Reporting  everything  you  learn 
to  Governor  Gage,  who,  I  am  persuaded,  will  lie  able  to  Discover  if  there 
is  any  foundation  for  the  accusation  of  the  People  of  Montreal. 
I  am, 
Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 

Jeff.  Amhekst. 
Major  ( rladwin;  or  officer  Commandg  ut  Fort  Wm.  Augustus. 


AMHEBST   TO   GLADWIN. 

(  Prom  t tie  original  warrant,  now  in  possession  of  Kev.  Henry  Gladwyn  Jebb,  of  Firbeck  Hall,  Rother- 
ham,  Enclantl.l 

By  His  Excellency  Sir  Jeffery  Amherst,  Knight  of  the  Honorable 
Order  of  the  Bath,  Major  General,  and  Commander  in  Chief  of  all  His 
Majesty's  Forces  in  North  America,  &c,  &c,  &c, 

To  Major  Henry  Gladwin,  Or  Officer  Commanding  His  Majesty's 
Forces  at  the  Detroit,  ..V  its  Dependencies. 

Whereas  it  has  been  Reported  to  me,  that  a  Cruel  &  Inhuman  Murder 
was  lately  committed  on  the  Body  of  Mr.  John  Clapham,  on  the  route 

fr the  linn, ii   to  Presqu' Isle,  Supposed  to  be  Done  by  Two  Panis 

Slaves,  now  in  custodj  al  your  Post,  and  Assisted  by  some  Indians;  And 
Whereas  I  Judge  it  absolutely  Necessary  that  the  Perpetrators,  &  Abet- 
tors,  of  thai  Horrid  Crime,  should  be  Brought  to  Condign  Punishment; 
1  Do,  b\  Virtue  of  the  Tower  and  Authority  to  me  given  &  granted  by 
His  Majesty,  Authorise  &  Require  Vou  to  Collect  as  many  of  the  Officers 
belonging  to  His  Majesty's  Troops  as  you  conveniently  can,  who  are 
Herebj  Empowered  to  Hear  vV  Examine,  by  Oath,  or  Otherwise,  nil  such 
aces  as  can  be  found,  fororagainsl  the  Two  Panis  Slaves,  Confined 
for  the  Murder  aforesaid,  or  any  other  Person,  or  Persons,  whether 
Indian,  or  White,  thai  are  anyway  Suspected  of  having  been  concerned 
in  thai  Inhuman  Ad  ;  And  according  to  the  Opinion  given  by  the  Major- 
u>  "r  ll"'  Court,  after  hearing  the  Information  or  Evidence,  given  for  & 
against  the  Prisoners,  Vou  will  give  immediate  Directions,  for  putting 
the  Sentence,  or  Sentences,  into  Execution,  Even  if  they  should  Extend 
th,  provided  You  think  proper  to-approve  of  the  Same;  And  You 
are  farther  Required  to  See  thai  the  said  Sentence,  or  Sentences,  are 
Executed  in  the  most  Exi  raplary  &  publick  manner,  that  thereby  Others 
im.i.n  be  Deterred  from  Committing  such  Cruelties  for  the  Future;  And 


THE   GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS.  r,7.r» 

for  Your  so  doing,  this  shall  be  to  Yon,  and  all  Persons  Concerned,  a  Suf 
ficient  Warrant  &  Authority. 

Given  under  my  Hand  &  Seal  al   Head  Quarters,  in  New  York,  this 
15th  Day  of  September,  1762. 

„    „.   „     „        ,    _  ,  Jeff.  Amherst,    [seal.] 

By  His  Excellency  s  Command, 

Arthur  M.ur. 


LETTER    FROM    SIR    JEFFERY    AMHERST    TO    THE    SECRETARY    AT    WAR. 

New  York.  17  Sept,  i7<;:i. 
Sir:  As  there  have  been  two  Deputy  Adjutants  general  serving  here, 
I  have  taken  the  liberty  to  show  a  mark  of  my  entire  satisfaction  of 
Major  Gladwin's  good  conduct,  and  commendable  behaviour,  in  appoint- 
ing him  a  D.  Adjt.  General;  but  to  remain  with  the  troops  a1  the  Detroit 
in  the  same  manner  as  has  been  ordered:   (his  is  no  more  than  a  name, 
but  it  should  be     .     .     .     gracious  pleasure  to  approve  it,  and  honor 
Major  Gladwin  with  the  rank  of  Lieut.  Colonel,  I  am  firmly  of  opinion 
that  the  promotion  of  so  deserving  an  officer  must  at  any  time  be  a  bene- 
fit to  his  Majesty's  service,  and  it  is  the  sole  view  I  have  in  mentioning 
it  to  you. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  most  perfed  regard, 
Sir, 

Ye 

Jeff:  Amherst. 
Plight  Honorable  McEllie. 


GLADWIN    TO    AMHERST. 
[  Original  draft  of  letter  in  Gladwin's  handwriting. J 

Detroit,  November  i,  1763. 

Sir:  On  the  12th  Oct.  the  enemy  sued  for  peace  in  a  very  submissive 
manner.  At  that  time  I  was  so  circumstanced  for  want  of  flour  that  1 
must  cither  pass  or  hear  them.  Of  the  two  1  chose  the  latter,  thinking  it 
of  the  utmost  consequence  to  keep  possession  of  the  country.  Neverthe 
less,  1  made  them  no  promises.  I  told  them  the  affair  of  peace  lay  wholly 
in  your  breast,  but  I  did  not  doubt  when  you  was  thoroughly  convinced 
of  their  sincerity  everything  would  be  well  again;  upon  which  hostility 
cased  and  they  disbursed  to  their  hunting  grounds.  This  gave  me  an 
opportunity  of  getting  Hour  from  the  country  to  serve  from  hand  to 
mouth. 


GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS. 

I'estordaj  Monsieur  De  Quindre,  a  volunteer,  arrived  with  dispatches 

r,- the  Comniandanl  of  the  Illinois,  copies  of  which  I  enclose  to  you. 

The  tenor  of  thai  of  Pondiac  is  s ething  extraordinary.  The  Indians  are 

preparing  for  peace.     I  enclose  you  my  answer  to  their  demands. 

I  believe  as  things  are  circumstanced  i1  would  be  for  the  good  of  his 
;.'>  servants  to  accommodate  matters  in  Spring  By  that  time  the 
•  g  will  >"■  sufficiently  reduced  for  want  of  powder,  and  I  do  not 
imagine  there  will  be  anj  danger  of  their  breaking  out  again,  provided 
Home  examples  are  made  of  their  good  subjects,  the  French,  who  set  them 
on.  No  advantages  can  be  gained  by  prosecuting  the  war,  owing  to  the 
difficulty  of  catching  them.  Add  to  this  the  expense  of  such  a  war. 
which  if  continued  the  entire  ruin  of  our  peltry  trade  must  follow,  and 
i  In-  less  of  a  prodiguous  consumption  of  our  merchandise.  It  will  be  the 
neaiis  of  their  retiring,  which  will  reinforce  other  nations  on  the  Missis 
sippi.  whom  they  will  push  againsl  us,  and  make  them  our  enemies  for 
ever.  Consequently  they  will  render  it  extremely  difficult,  if  not  impos 
silile,  for  us  to  pass  that  country.  And  especially  the  French  have  pro 
mised  to  supply  them  with  everything  they  want. 

The\  have  hist  between  eighty  and  ninety  of  their  best  warriors,  but  if 
your  Excellency  si  ill  intends  to  punish  them  further  for  their  barbarities, 

it  rnaj  I asilj  dune,  without  any  expense  to  the  Crown,  by  permitting 

sale  of  rum,  which  will  destroy  them  more  effectually  than  fire  and 
sword,  bu1  on  the  contrary,  it'  you  intend  to  accomodate  matters  in 
Spring,  which  I  hope  you  will  for  i  he  aboi  e  reasons,  it  may  be  necessary 
to  semi  up  Sir  William  Johnson. 

I  shall  write  your  Excellency  fully  concerning  everything  in  this 
department  li\  Lieutenant  Montressor.  This  comes  by  Aren,  a  Mohawk, 
whom  I  shall  direel  to  wait  at  Fori  Pitt  for  your  answer. 

This  moment  1  received  a  message  from  Pondiac,  telling  me  that  he 
Bhould  send  to  all  the  nations  concerned  in  the  war  to  bury  the  hatchet, 

and  he  hopes  j •  Excellency  will  forget  what  is  passed.  If  not,  I  believe 

lie  \\  ill  retire  to  the  Mississippi. 

In  a  few  days  I  shall  send  a  duplicate  of  this  by  Andrew,  a  faithful 

Rut-on.      Be  has  a  -real  deal  to  say  with  the  Delaware*.     He  will  try  to 

make   mailers  easy   that    way.      I    shall   direct    him   to  assure  them   of  a 

provided  they  remain  quid  during  the  winter,  which  may  perhaps 

iur  frontiers  of  these  villains,  and  in  Spring  your  Excellency  can  do 

as  you  please  with  them. 

N"  news  of  the  troops  nor  of  the  vessel  which  sailed  from  hence  the  7th 
of  last  Month.     If  i  he  troops  do  no1  come  very  soon  they  will  scarcely 
me  to  return  to  Niagara,  but   I  hope  Hay  will  come  time  enough 
to  destroy  thai  nesl  of  thieves  a1  Sandusky.     When  things  are  accommo- 
dated, if  your  excellency  allows  an  exclusive  trade  for  a  year  or  two  to 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS.  677 

the  merchants  who  have  suffered  so  much  by  this  unhappy  affair   thei 
will  be  amply  paid  for  their  loss. 
I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  utmost  respect,  Sir, 
Your  most  obedient,  humble  servant, 


Endorsed : 

To  General  Amherst,  Nove 


II.  G. 


COL.   GLADWIN    TO    GEN.    GAGE. 
[  From  Gladwin's  draft  of  the  letter,  written  at  Stubbing,  England.  1 

/■'<  bruary,  24,  1774. 

Dear  Sir:  Your  most  obliging  letter  of  the  9th  instani  did  not  com.-  to 
hand  (ill  two  days  ago.  The  cover  was  wry  dirty  and  worn  out,  there 
fore  I  conclude  that  either  your  servant  or  mine  by  mistake  had  kepi  i1 
in  his  pocket  for  a  week;  I  wrote  to  Meyrick  yesterday  to  send  me  down 
a  letter  of  attorney,  and  desired  him  that  if  he  met  with  any  difficulties 
to  apply  to  you,not  doubting yourgood offices.  I  am  prone  to  thank  youfor 
your  friendly  and  good  advise, and  I  begin  tothiulc  lam  asbada  politician 
as  a  courtier.  To  give  you  an  instance  of  the  former  latter.  When  I  was 
presented  to  I  he  king  to  1  hank  him  for  the  rank  he  gave  rue,  I  was  asked 
how  long  I  had  been  in  town.  I  replied,  "three  weeks."  George  Won. 
who  stood  at  my  elbow,  told  me  I  should  have  said  just  arrived,  Ian  as  I 
weut  to  Court  only  upon  that  occasion,  and  thought  it  probable  thai  I 
should  never  go  there  again,  I  conceived  there  was  no  harm  in  speaking 
i  ho  i  ruth. 

In  regard  to  my  politics  you  find  me  jusl  as  I  loft  you  in  America, 
which  may  suffice  to  show  you  that  I  am  not  calculated  to  push  myself  in 
the  world.  Besides  I  am  now  engaged  in  another  scene,  being  very  happy 
in  a  good  .  .  .  wife  and  two  little  children,  upon  a  small  paternal 
estate,  and  am  fond  of  farming  and  rural  amusements.  As  to  company, 
I  keep  but  little,  because  I  cannot  afford  to  live  in  the  stile  of  my  neigh 
bours.  Nevertheless  I  am  happy  content.  From  this  account  of  myself, 
1  daresay  you  will  riot  be  surprised  when  I  tell  you  thai  1  should  prefer 
a  small  sinecure  governmenl  at  homo  to  all  future  expectations  in  the 
army.  1  should  be  satisfied  with  anything  that  would  better  my  income 
two  or  three  hundr.-d  a  year.  <  >n  the  other  hand,  1  do  do1  suppose  I 
could  .net  put  in  a  lieutenant  .(done]  anywhere  without  purchasing,  for 
my  friends  are  out  of  power,  and  I  think  likely  to  continue  so.  With 
such  interest  I  should  stand  but  a  poor  chance  in  being  a  candidate  for  a 
regt.  and  I  have  not  the  way  to  make  friends  in  another  quarter  to 
mo  in  so  capital  a  thing,  wherefore  I  shall  endeavor  to  make  myself  as 
comfortable  as  1  can  in  my  present  sii nation  and  noi  sore  beyond  my 
reach. 


THE  GLADWIN   MANUSCRIPTS, 

If  anything  should  draw  you  into  these  Northern  pails.  I  should  be 
extremely  glad  to  see  von  here  in  my  little  way;  if  no1  1  do  nol  despair  of 
,  :ll'„|  waiting  upon  you  in  London  before  you  leave  the  King,  il  I 
.  .hi  gel  leave. 

.•ml  Gage,  February  24,  1774. 

WM.    AMHEBST   TO  COL.    BOUQUET. 

New  York,  June  14,  1762. 

Sir:  I  enclose  to  you  the  orders  given  out  here  containing  the  Promo- 
tions thai  have  been  made;  I  beg  leave  to  congratulate  you  on  seeing 
jour  name  amongsl  them. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be, 

sir. 
Yr  .Most  obedi  humble  Servt. 

Wm.  Amherst. 
Bouquet 

Etassirol  tha26th.    Answi.  12th  July. 
|  (ana.lian  Archivee.  Series  A.  Vol.  4,  page  137.)     (Promotions  noteDCloseci.        A.  R.) 

LETTER    TO    MAJOR    GLADWIN. 

Fort  Pitt,  the  28th  Angt,  1763. 

I  (ear  Sir:  1  had  last  aighl  the  very  great  pleasure  to  receive  your  Let- 
the  28th  July  by  your  express  Andrew  who  says  he  was  detained 
by  sickness  a1  Sandusky.  Your  Letters  for  the  Geueral  are  forwarded. 
A  Mohawk  having  reported  to  Sir  Win.  Johnson  that  De  Troite  was 
taken,  l  could  no1  help  being  uneasy  tho  Long  acquainted  with  Indian 
Lies. 

It  was  a  great  satisfaction  to  me  to  know  from  yourself  that  you  have 
been  able  to  defend  thai  post,  with  so  few  men  against  that  multitude, 
w  hal  was  kimw  n  below  of  your  firm  and  prudenl  conduct  from  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Insurrection  had  obtained  the  General's  approbation,  and 
does  you  i  he  greatest  honor. 

The  lnss  of  all  our  Detach'd  Posts  is  do  more  than  could  be  expected 
from  their  Defenceless  state,  Bu1  Capt.  Campbell's  Death  affects  me 
sensibly. 

I  pity  the  unfortunate  who  remain  Yet  in  the  Tower  of  the  Barbarians, 
rj  step  we  lake  to  rescue  them  may  and  will  probably  hasten  their 
Death. 

Your  Express  says  thai  after  he  left  the  De  Troite,  two  Wiandots  told 
him  thai  the  Detachment  of  300  men  from  Niagara  had  joyn'd  you  with 


THE  GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS.  679 

provis's.  This  will  give  you  some  ease  till  more  effectual  Reinforce- 
ments can  be  sent. 

You  know  that  you  are  to  have  the  Command  of  all  the  Troops  destin'd 
for  De  Troite  and  to  retake  possession  of  t'he  Country  now  fallen  into  the 
hands  of  the  Enemy.  To  that  effect  the  General  collects  all  the  Troops 
that  can  be  spar'd  at  Niagara  and  Presque  Isle. 

The  remains  of  the  42nd  and  77th  were  order'd  to  Joyn  you  this  waj 
when  we  had  Intelligence  that  Venang  had  been  surprised,  Lieut.  Gordon 
and  all  his  unfortunate  Garrison  murdered.  Le  Boeuf  abandoned  and 
Presque  Isle  surrender'd  to  my  unspeakable  astonishment,  as  1  knew  the 
strength  of  that  Block  house  which  would  have  boon  relieved  from 
Niagara. 


I  am,  Dear  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  and  Humble  Servant, 
Major  Gladwin.  (Sic.) 

Endorsed : 

To  Major  Gladwin,  iSth  Angnst,  176:?. 
[Canadian  Archives,  Series  A,  Vol.  18-2,  page  87ii.] 


LETTER    FROM    DAVID    FRANKS. 

Pha.,  Ocir.  15,  1763. 
Sir:  This  day  the  post  in  &  brot  accot  of  the  Packetts'  arrival,  and 
prints  to  16th  August  frm  England  &  inclose  you  the  papers,  containing 
the  most  materiall  news,  there's  reports  in  Town  that  Sr.  Jeffery  has 
Leave  to  go  home,  &  that  a  Commissn  for  Dy  Adjutant  General!  is  come 
over  for  Major  Gladwin  and  that  3000  Troops  are  coming  over.  I  have 
not  time  to  Ferutt  out  the  Truth  of  these  reports — nor  is  any  Letters  1 
may  have  yett  come  to  hand,  by  weh  I  might  have  any  advic< — No  Let- 
ters frm  Sr.  Jeffery  to  forwd  upp  their  1:2  day's  Post  have  advised  him 
of  the  reports  of  the  communication  to  ye  Post  being  again  infested  with 
Indians,  if  any  hope  ye  number  may  be  but  few  &  hourly  expeci  ye 
Pleasure  to  hear  from  you,  that  you  and  your  Garrison  are  all  well. 


Dear  Sir, 

Yr.  most  obeidt.  lib.  Servt. 

Dun.  Franks. 

Endorsed : 

Mr.  D.  Franks.  15th  October,  176:).    Received  the  6th  Novr. 
[  Canadian  Archives,  Series  A,  Vol.  19-2,  pat;'' 


THE   GLADWIN    MANUSCRIPTS. 


MAJOR   GLADWIN   TO   COL.    BOUQUET. 

Detroit,  Now.  1,  1763. 

Dear  Sir:   I  am  to  acknowledge  the  receipl  of  your  two  very  kind  let- 

Uie  28tb  Augusl  &  29th  September.     I  congratulate  you  on  the 

drubbing  you  gave  the  dogs  \\  bich  does  you  so  much  honor — and  I  doubt 

ir  frontier  inhabitants  hare  fell  the  good  effects  of  it,  they  never 

will  enter  into  such  ;i  war  again,  with  that  confidence  they  engaged  in 

i  his.  which  I  believe  they  would  not  have  undertaken,  but  for  our  good 

subjects  the  French. 

I  Lave  had  no  late  accounts  from  below,  the  last  I  received  from  the 
General  is  of  the  2nd  of  July,  in  which  I  am  ordered  to  establish  the  out- 
immediately,  at  the  time  I  received  these  orders,  I  knew  it  was 
impossible  to  comply  with  any  part  of  them,  the  event  shows  I  was  right 
in  my  conjectures.  I  am  heartily  wearied  of  my  command  and  I  have 
signified  the  same  to  Colonel  Amherst,  1  hope  I  shall  be  relieved  soon,  if 
not,  I  intend  to  quil  the  service  for  1  would  not  chuse  to  be  any  longer 
exposed  to  the  villany  and  treachery  of  the  settlement  and  Indians. 

I  hope  the  General  has  countermanded  his  order  about  the  reinforce- 
ment yon  were  to  send  me,  because  they  can  be  of  no  use  here  this 
advanci  d  season-  besides  I  don't  see  how  they  can  leave  Fresque  Isle  if 
.■> -t  thither,  supposing  that  post  was  rc-istablished  which  I  believe 
i-  not  the  ease,  owing  to  the  loss  of  the  sloop  but  if  they  should  come 
contra  ctation,  you  may  he  assured  Sir,  I  shall  dispatch  the 

[{oval  Americans  immediately,  perhaps  I  may  have  an  opportunity  of 
sending  them  down,  in  lieu  of  other  troops  that  are  coming  up. 

I  need  not  say  tiny  thing  of  our  affairs  here,  as  you  must  have  heard 
l.  of  it  from  other  hands,  but  I  send  you  my  dispatch  to  the  General 
open  for  your  perusal,  pray  let   me  know    what   passes  in  your  Depart- 
ment, l  shall  he  happy  to  hear  of  your  health  and  welfare  &  believe  me 

lo    I.e. 

I  "ear  Sir, 

Yours  very  sincerely, 

Henry  Gladwin. 
I  desire  to  he  remembered  to  the  Gentlemen  with  you,  seal  my  dis- 
patches  to  the  General  and  be  kind  enough  to  forward  them  the  first 
opportunity. 

ir  from  Major  Gladwin  t..  Colonel  Bouquet,  dated  Detroit,  1st  November,  1763.     Received  by 
hawk  Iron  tl».  i9ili  at  night 
I  (anailian  Archive*,  Series  A,  Vol.  1S-2.  page  520.1 


INDEX 


86 


INI)  E  X 


Gladwin  manuscripts: 

Abbot,  Lieutenant 857 

Abraham,  Chapman,  testifies 643 

Albany ""     g48 

Amblln ,^7 

Amherst,  Sir  Jeffrey,  afterwards  Lord 
Amherst,  promotes  Gladwin,  607;  ex- 
presses regret  that  Gladwin's  appoint- 
ment was  not  confirmed,  and  again 
commissions  him  major,  607 ;  removes 
headquarters  from  Quebec  to  New 
York,  618;  sends  Gladwin  to  Detroit, 
613;  thinks  Indian  conspiracy  of  little 
moment,  613;  his  appreciation  of  Glad- 
win, 609,  610;  letters  to  Gladwin,  673;  his 
warrant  for  the  trial  of  Pawnee  slaves, 
674;  letter  to  Secretary  at  War,  676; 
letter  from  Gladwin  to,  675;  letter  to 

Bouquet 678 

Anderson,  Ensign  Robert 639,  645,  650,  652 

Ariek,  M 

Arngott,  the  smith 

Baby *'."..' 

Bain,  Lieutenant  James 650,652 

Barnes,  James 6'>7 

Barth  (or  Bart)  Piero  (or  Pero)  gunsmith 
at  Detroit,  640;  says  Gladwin  caused 
the  Indian  war  by  his  ill  treatment 
642;  646;  gives  warning  of  Dalzell's  at- 
tack. 647,  648,  650;  receives  belt  as  con,- 
uiander,  653;  657. 

Bean 663 

Beauban  (see  Beaublen). 

Beanbien 632 

Beems,  James 665 

Beletre,  French  commandant  at  Detroit     1122, 
628,  644.  662 
Beridge,    Rev.    John,    father-in-law    of 

Gladwin 609 

Big  Jaw,  chief 665 

Bloody  Run,  flghtat 627 

Bolton,  William,  soldier,  testimony  of  848,  658 
Bostwick,   Henry,    testimony   of,  as  to 

Mfchillmackinac  massacre 666 

Boquet,  Colonel  Henry,  commandant  at 
Fort  Pitt,  607,  612;  gossips  with  Cap- 
tain Campbell,  613;  letter  to  Gladwin, 
678. 

Boquet  papers 606 

Braddock,  General  Edward,  defeat  of  ..      615 

Braddoek  House,  at  Alexandria 617 

Bradstreet,  Colonel  John,  his  expedition, 
630;  his  disgraceful  peace  repudiated 
630. 

Bruce,  William 669 

Burton,  C.  M..  616,  616,  note. 

Cabbarcher 657 


Gladwin  manuscript*— Continued: 

Campbell,  Captain  Donald,  goes  with 
Rogers  to  Detroit,  607;  his  popularity, 
612;  a  help  to  Gladwin,  614 ;  [earns  of 
Pontlac's  plot,  617;  smokes  the  oeace 
pipe  with  Pontiac,  619;  invited  to  a 
council,  621; 885,630,  Ml,  643;  his  cruel 
death,  651;  marked  to  be  saved,  657;  678. 

Campeau 656,657,663 

Campeau,  Batlst g40 

Campeau,  Chartoc '[     957 

Cardin ^ 

Cardinal .'647,668 

Carlisle,  Fred 626  (note.) 

Carver's  "Travels  through  North  Amer- 
loa,"  616;  his  story  of  Pontlac's  plot,  618. 

Cass,  Lewis,  accepts  Carver's  story 616 

Castacrew,  Mr 635 

Chain,  Isadore,    (See  Chene.) 
Chain,  Mlny.    (See  Chene.) 

Chavin 632 

Chene,  Edward 667 

Chene,  Isadore 6ij,l 

1  Ihene,  Miny,  plunders  a  trader,  682;  634; 
messenger  for  Pontiac,  637;  657, 1158,  660,      681 

Chevalle,  Loulson 634,  636 

Chin.    (See  Chene.) 

Chippewa  message  to  the  Illinois  French      646 
Christie,  Ensign  John,  657,  669,  660,  662; 
reports  the  taking  of  Presqne  Isle,  638. 

Clapham,  John,  murder  of 674 

Claremont 662, 683 

Cole,  Mr 635 

Connor,  James,  soldier  649,650,652 

Cooper,  Thomas,  testimony  of 661 

Cormlck,  Caesar,  declaration  to 632 

Cote,  M 667,  668 

Crawford 634 

Croghan,  George,  deputy  to  Sir  William 

Johnson 612 

Culllerle,  French  trader,  council  at  the 
house  of,  621;  Pontlac's  flattery  of,  622; 
jibes  at  Pontiac,  623;  1.40.  641,  643,  666. 
657. 
Culllerle,  Mademoiselle,  dances  with  Sir 
William  Johnson,  613;  marries  James 
Stirling,  613;  the  possible  Informant  of 
Pontlac's  plans,  615. 
Currle.    (See  Culllerle.) 
Cuyler,    Lieutenant,    brings    aid    from 

Niagara H24,  687 

1,  Dr 640 

Dalzell,  ('apt.,  aide  to  Gen.  Amherst, 
arrives  at  Detroit,  626;  desires  to  crush 
Pontiac,  626;  his  threats,  626;  romance 
of,  626  (note);  his  fight  at  Bloody  Knn 
and  his  death,  627;  646,  647,  660;  his 
defeat,  651, 


684 


INDEX. 


Gladwin  mano»crtpt»    Continued: 

Sir"  Robert,   explores    Lake 
or,  614;  Mb  family.  614;842,  650, 
083. 
Davlss.    (See  Davers.) 

inn 6 

nague.  Interpreter 8 

DeNeyon  '] 

Denlvlere,  Amiable >' 

Denter,  Lonlaan,  Interpreter 8 

DeQalndre,  Mr., cadet  ordered  to  Detroit 

with  dispatches 865; f 

Detroit,  life  at,  608;  settlement  at,  012; 
the  fort  at,  61-':  strength  of  garrison  at, 

Devarette,  Jmdcb  la ' 

ilere.  Battel M2.' 

Dlrresscaux,  .\I ' 

Disney,  Daniel,  town  major  at  Montreal  t 

Domelte ' 

Ducbarme 

Dunolr * 

Dub-.  -  B50j  receives  belts 

as  commander f 

Edwards,  .lolin,  soldier ( 

Esperame,  Madame,  despoilBan  English 

trader t 

Etherlngton,  Capt.  George,  824,  828;  let- 
ter from,  to  Gladwin 631,639;« 

Kartl.  Interpreter 631,6 

Bire-rafts 6 

Fisher 

Fisher,  Manning,  testimony  of tl 

r.  W.  Taenia 6 

[Tlemlnjr,  Bamson. tl 

tasie t 

Fort  Charles,  at  the  Illinois I 

. -.    David e 

French  at  Detroit, 613;  Inclined  towards 

the  Indians,  620;  promise  to  bring Capt. 

back   to  Hi"  Fort,  621;  hope 

for  English  defeat,  622;  urge  Gladwin 

to  escape,  623;  message  to  the  Illinois 

646;  tarnish  corn  and  horses 

in  the  Indians.  0-">2;  they  plan  to  attack 

the   English    in    the  Fort,    650;    paint 

■  Ives  aa  Indiana,  559. 

Fur  trade,  the I 

Gabriel i 

ral   Thomas,    beginning    of 
Gladwin's  acquaintance  with,  607;  suc- 
ceeds Amherst  ascommander-ln  chief, 
Gladwin's  letter  to,  610;  674. 
Garnet,    (Set  J 

>Ue,  Interpreter 689,  i 

.  repudiates  Bradstreet's  peace i 

Gentlemen's  Magazine,  the,  contains  In- 
formation  concerning  Gladwin;  obit- 
uary notice  of  Gladwin,  610. 

e 

Gladwin,  Charles  Dakene,  of  Belmont 

and  Stubbing ti 

Gladwin,  Dorothy ( 

Gladwin,  Frances,  wifeof  Francis  Glad- 
win   A 


Gladwin  manuscripts— Continued : 

Gladwin,  Henry,  one  of  the  few  great 
Indian  fighters,  605;  lack  of  informa- 
tion concerning,  606;  his  death  and  the 
marriages  of  his  daughters  mentioned 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  606; 
ond  son  of  the  second  Thomas 
Gladwin;  born  in  1730;  mentioned  in 
British  Army  Lists  as  Lieutenant  of 
48th  Foot:  in  Col.  Dunbar's  regiment 
in  1755;  showed  bravery  at  Braddock's 
defeat,  where  he  was  wounded,  606;  his 
name  misspelled  in  report  of  battle, 
607;  comes  under  the  notice  of  Gen. 
Gage,  607;  appointed  major  by  Am- 
herst, 807;  ordered  to  relieve  Niagara, 
607;  makes  chart  of  Lake  Erie,  607; 
again  commissioned  major  for  the 
campaign,  607;  praised  to  the  Duke  of 
Richmond,  007;  at  Niagara,  608;  his 
commission,  608;  arrives  at  Detroit, 
808,  613;  is  taken  ill,  608;  61.3;  sails  for 
England;  marries  Frances,  daughter 
Of  Rev.  John  Beridge,  609; 617;  declines 
a  majority  in  the  Royal  Americans; 
returns  to  Detroit,  609;  614;  a  poor  let- 
ter writer,  609;  is  promoted, 609;  in  New 
York  ;  returns  to  England;  settles  down 
as  a  country  gentleman;obituary  notice 
of;  inscription  on  his  monument,  610; 
error  in  date  of  his  death ;  his  decend- 
ents,  611;  calls  French  and  Indians 
dogs,  814;  642;  learns  of  Pontiac's  plot, 
615;  crisis  in  his  life,  617;  refuses  Pon- 
tiac's offers,  619;  suspicious  of  Indian 
promises,  621;  writes  Amherst  that  he 
will  hold  out,  633;  refuses  to  surrender, 
62S;  has  articles  of  peace  read  to  the 
French,  625;  tries  to  dissuade  Dalzell, 
626;  grants  a  truce  to  Pontiac,  629; 
urges  retaliation  on  the  French,  629; 
suggests  t  hat  a  free  sale  of  rum  would 
destroy  the  Indians,  629;  is  commended 
by  Amherst,  629;  promoted  to  be  lieu- 
tenant colonel  and  colonel,  63C;  returns 
to  England,  630;  is  presented  to  George 
HI.,  630;  courts  of  inquiry  held  by,  631; 
682;  603;  letter  to  Amherst,  675;  letter  to 
i  lage,  877;  letter  to  Bouquet,  680. 
Gladwin,  Henry,  son  of  Gen.  Gladwin..      610 

Gladwin,  John 606 

Gladwin,  Lemuel 606 

Gladwin,  Mary 606,610,611 

Iwin,    Mrs.     Henry,    her    portrait 
resembles  pictures  of  Martha  Wash- 
Ington,  609;  her  burial-place,  610. 
Gladwin,  the  schooner,  623,  625;  Indian 
attack  of,  627-8. 

Gladwin,  Thomas 606 

Gladwyn,  Capt,  Kichard  Henry  Good- 
win, furnishes  genealogy  of  Gladwin 
family,  606  (rote);  inherits  from  Rev. 
Henry  Johnson  Goodwin,  the  Goodwin 
estates,  and  takes  the  additional  name 
and  arms  of  Gladwin,  611 ;  sends  photo- 
graphs of  Gen.  and  Mrs.  Gladwin 611 


INDEX. 


Gladwin  manuscripts -Co7iti'm«:ci: 

Godfrey,  Jacque 633,  637,  657,  658,  660,  661 

Gordon,  Lieutenant 879 

Gorrell,  Lieutenant 639 

Gouin,  M.,  learns  from  his  wife  of  Indian 
treachery,  615;  warns  English  not  to 
trust  the  Indians,  881. 

Grant,  Captain  James 1127,  B45, 

649,  650,  652,  666,  657,  660,  602.  iM;i,  tiii,s 

Gross  Pointe M6 

Gruereme,  Baptist 656 

Haldimand  papers,  as  sources  of  infor- 
mation       6u6 

Haliburton,  Sir  Arthur B07 

Hamback ,334 

Hay,  Lieutenant,  scalps  an  Indian 625,  636, 

652,  663 
Holmes,  Ensign,  murder  of  ....624;  435,  637,  660 
Hopkins,  Captain  Joseph... 636, 637,  638,  639,657 

Howard,  Chim  &  Bostwick 

Huron,  schooner 637 

Illinois  nation  wiped  out 630 

Indians,  emissaries  from  the  Six  Nations 
appear  at  Detroit,  613;  learn  of  the 
war  between  EDglandand  France,  614; 
determine  to  wipe  out  the  English  at 
Detroit,  620;  Wyandottes  promise 
peace,  621 ;  chiefs  ask  Gladwin  for  a 
council,   631;   scalp  and    mangle   the 

bodiesof  the  English 624 

Isle  au  Cochon,  619;  tradition  as  to 619 

Jadeau 662,663 

Jadoc,  Mr.,  declaration  of 656,  657 

Jamet,  Lieutenant,  murdered 624,  631 

Jebb,  Rev.  Henry  Gladwyn,  interest  in 
Gladwin  history,  606;  sends  the  Glad- 
win manuscripts  to  America,  606;  de- 
scendant of  Dorothy  Gladwin,  611;  let- 
ters from,  611. 
Jenkins,  Lieut.  Edward,  letters  from  .6.3.3,  634, 
635 
Johnson,  Sir  William,  goes  to  Detroit. 
608;  has  charge  of  Indian  affairs,  612; 
thinks   Indian    conspiracy   universal, 
613;  his  visit  to  Detroit  a  great  social 

event 613;  665,  666,  672,  676 

Jordan 668 

Kenbarger 658 

Keysof  Fort 660 

Knaggs 647,  648 

Labadie,  632,  643;  landlord 658 

La  Beace 669 

La  Bond 634 

La  Butte,  Piero,  interpreter.  61 ;;  testi- 
mony as  to  proceedings  at  Cuillierie's 
house,  643;  tells  Pontiac  the  story  of 
peace  is  false,  656. 

La  Cleff,  French  commissary 664 

La  January,  Father,  tells  of  the  massa- 
cre at  Michilimackinac,  624. 

La  Jenness,  Madame 643 

Lancing,  Abraham 668 

Landsdowne,  Marquis  of 607 

Langlade,  Charles,  625  and  (note);  631,  6  8, 

667,  668,  669. 
La  Pointe 634 


Gladwin  manuscripts  -Continued  ■ 

LaTlard,  !• m 

Lawrence,  Robert,  soldier,  testimony  of     661 
Le  Corn.  St.  Luke,  647,  648;  sends  belts, 
652. 

Le  Deuke M9 

Le  Grand,  Mr jgj 

Lesley,  Mr e3g 

Leslie,  Lieut 624^025.631,632 

Lbsperance ^3 

LeVIlle  Beau. *""  957 

^  Vor» .....'."".     670 

Lorraln 635 

Lowdermilk's  History  of  Cumberland..      «i>7 
Ludlow,  Col.  William   obtal] 
Gladwin  papers  from  British  War  Of- 
fice, 607  (note). 
McConnle,  John,  soldier,  testifies  as  to 

duplicate  keys  to  the  fort 656,  658 

McCoy,  Capt.  John,  relates  the  capture 

of  the  Miamis  fort 660 

Mac' Donald,  616  (note) 640 

McDougall.  Lieut.  George.  615;  goes  with 
Campbell  to  the  Indian  council,  621, 
t>25;  escapes  to  the  fort,  626;  638;  relate- 
story  of  his  and  ('apt.  Campbell's  con- 
finement  841; 

McEllie,  St.  Hon 

Mackinac.  (See  Michilimackinac), 
McMillan,    James,     Senator,    reqne-ts 

copies  of  Gladwin  papers 607 

Manlgan,    an    Ottawa  Indian,    reveals 

Pontiac's  plot  to  Gladwin 616 

Mair,  Arthur 675 

Maisonville 635 

Maloshe,  Francois,  640;  trades  with  In- 

dlansagainst  Gladwin's  orders 642 

..  Mr 652,  663 

Mayack 661 

Mayiirin,  M  .says  the  young  Frenchmen 
would  assist  Pontiac  with  arms  as  well 

&S  spades 648 

Meares,  Thomas,  soldier,  taken  prisoner 
at  Sandusky,  sees  Capt.  Campbell 
killed 651 

Me|, x  he,  M    622,  6(7 

Meloshe,  Batist 610 

Meloshe,  Mathias 651 

Heloshes,  assist  the  Indians 650 

Meloss,  Frank .649,  666 

Miamis,  The,  slaughter  at,  623;  French 
aid  in  Its  destruction,  633;  del 
the  attack  on,  637,  638;  capture  of,  t>57, 

660:  (lies  French  colors 558 

Michilimackinac,  massacre 631 

Michilimackinac,  capitulation  of  Mon- 
treal announced  at,  607;  massacre  at.. 

624,  635,  666 

Mitchell 648 

Uonckton,  Colonel  Robert,  607;  letter  to 

Glad  win 673 

Montcalm,  Marquisde 630 

Montressor,  Lieut <>76 

Moran,  Edmund,  letter  from 635 

Nevarre,   refuses  to  assure  Pontiac  of 

French  sympathy 656 


086 


[NDEX. 


tusd; 

the  Karl  of,  marries  Dorothy 
D  dautihter  of  John  Gladwin,      i 

New  Orleans ' 

York  to  be  taken ' 

—e  Vllltere). 

Niagara 617' < 

Oba  ' 

oulat I non.  disturbances  at 634;  < 

Packs,  John,  soldier ' 

Parents  Creek ' 

Parkmao,  Fi  tonsplraoy  of 

..  ,"  606;  misspells  Gladwin's 
name,  605;  visit  to,  605;  his  manuscripts 
In  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Soci- 
ety Library.  808; 609;  clings  to  Carver's 
818;  dot). 
Panlly.  Ensign  H.,  his  statement  as  to 
Sandusky,  628,  688;  adopted  by  an 
Indian  widow,  but  escapes  623;  661. 

Pauly,  Christopher < 

Perry,  Ensign. 836'( 

Poniiar.  an  Ottawa  chief,  his  place  In 
history,  606;  on  Isle  a  la  I'eche,  619;  re- 
ports of.  too  highly  colored,  619;  his  age 
and  power,  819;  saves  the  French  at 
Detroit,  619;  leads  the  Ottawaa  at  Little 
Meadows,  619;  relates  his  dream  to  the 
couuoll,  619;  assumes  command  at  De- 
troit, 619;  his  treachery  discovered,  619; 
begins  the  attack  on  Detroit,  619; 
encampsabove  Detroit,  620;  dances  the 
war  dance,  620;  treachery  towards 
Capt. Campbell  and  Lient.  McDougall, 
character,  622;  success  of  h's 
plotting,  823 ;  usee  a  French  chair  as  a 
conveyance  and  Issues  credit  certlfl 
mmonfl  Gladwin  to  sur- 
render, 625;  his  appeal  to  the  French, 
14;  answer  of  de  Neyeon,  638-9; 
I'ontlac  sues  for  peace,  629;  failure  of 
his  conspiracy,  629;  his  murder  and 
borlal,  630;  655:  councils  with  the 
French,  656;  I'ontlac  at  Fort  Pitt.  682: 
calls  English  liars,  663;  commands 
prisoners  to  be  burned,  664. 

I'ontlac  diary,  the 6 

Potle.  Pere.  Jesuit 6 

Poolett,  Ensign t 

Predome t 

Precq,ne  Isle,  destruction  of H 

Quebec  to  betaken < 

Kannoc 658,  t 

Reaume,  Hyacinth t 

Keaume.  Plero t 

Kentalgae ( 

Rhenbeani u 

Rlvier t 

Kobertson,  Captain,  murdered 618,1 

Robinson 650,1 

Rogers,  Major  Robert,  ordered  to  Michi- 

llmaoklnac,  807;   at   Bloody   Hun.  687; 

president  court  of  Inquiry,  652;  allowed 

dee  possession  of  Detroit.  688, 

Roseboom.  Garrlt < 

Rum,  absence  of,  makes  for  peace ( 


Gladwin  manuscripts— Continued; 

Rutherford,  Mr 639,640 

Sagama 659 

St,  Andrew- 657 

St.  Aubergo,  Jacoe,  helps  to  bnlld  Are 
rafts,  650;  651;  keeps  Indians  posted, 
652. 

St.  Bernard 657 

St.  Cayler,  on  Lake  Erie 661 

St,  Joseph,  6'.2;  capture,  624;  disturb- 
ances at,  634,  635;  detailed  account  of 
the  capture  of,  336. 

St.  Martin,  Interpreter 666 

St.  Obalgueg,  the,  with  the  Campaus,  the 

prominent  people  of  the  town 656 

St.  Pier 607 

Sandusky,  capture  of,  628;  detailed 
account  of  the  capture  of,  636. 

Sanpear,  Indian 667 

Sans   Chagarine,   refuses    English    his 

house  at  Mlchilimackinac 666 

Sault  Ste.  Marie 612 

Schlcott,  Navarre 656,657 

Schlosser,  Ensign  Joseph  1 636 

Schlosser,  Lieutenant,  captured  and  ex- 
changed  621;  633 

Seger,  John,  647,  648;  taken  prisoner  at 
Grand    River,  testifies   as   to   French 

promises 652;  653 

Severings,  John,  soldier,  testimony  of, 

650;  works  on  Are  rafts 650:652 

Shawanese,  letter  from,  on  behalf  of  the 

English 671 

Shelbarger,  soldier 639 

Shields,  Cummin 668 

six  Nations,  speech  of 672 

Smallman 671 

Solomon,  Ezekiel,  testifies  as  to  French 

thefts 667.  668 

Spear,  Joseph,  letter  to 635 

Sterling.  James,  613, 615:  616  (note) ;  takes 

service  under  Gladwin 625;  632,  611 

Stubbing,  near  Chesterfield,  Gladwin's 

home 610 

Teala,  Huron  chief 662 

Teata,  Wyandotte  chief 665 

Teller,  Gerrit,  trader 647,648,1149 

Tetsuo,  Joseph 667 

Thompson,  Bir  Ralph 607 

Tibot 668 

Ticonderoga 617 

Tlffoc 657 

Tonnanceur,  Madeline  de,  romance  con- 
cerning       626 

Toronto 647,652 

Tracy,  a  trader,  murdered 624 

Trueax,  Andreas,  testimony  of 645,648 

Trueax,  Isaac 648 

Turnball 648 

Uphaugh,    R.    D.    de,    correspondence 

with 606 

Villiere,  Peter  Joseph  Neyeon  de,  major 
commandant  of  the  French  of  the  Illi- 
nois  628;  653,  655 

Wahacumaga,  Indian  chief,  refuses  to 
fight  the  English 647,648 


INDEX. 


687 


Gladwin  manuscripts— Continued: 

Waggeman 658,659 

Walters,  Major,  commandant  at  Niagara 

608;  609,  620,  673 

Wapaumagen 652 

Washington,  George,  in  campaign  with 

Gladwin fiO;,  fii7 

Welch,  John,  taken  prisoner  l>>-  French- 
men, 632;  murdered,  633;  657,  660. 
Wilkinson,    an    English    trader,    plans 
murder  of  Pontiac 630 


Gladwin  manaserlpte-ContinuaJ. 

Williams,  Lieutenant  Richard 639,668 

Wingerwort  church.Gladwin  monument 
in  610 

Winston.  Richard,  merchant  at  Bt 
Joseph's,  letter  from,  to  Detroit  mer- 
chant*    xn 

Wynyard.<;..n.  William,  marries  Jane 
Gladwin 608 


Treatment  Date: